The European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requires EU Member States (MS) to achieve Good Environmental Status (GEnS) of their seas by 2020. We address the question of what GEnS entails especially with regard to the level at which targets are set (descriptors, criteria, indicators), to scales for assessments (regional, sub-divisions, site-specific), and to difficulties in putting i...

Concerns about rising health care costs and the often incremental nature of improvements in health outcomes continue to fuel intense debates about 'progress' and 'value' in cancer research. In times of tightening fiscal constraints, it is increasingly important for patients and their representatives to define what constitutes 'value' to them. It is clear that diverse stakeholders have different...

OBJECTIVES Holistic sexuality education (HSE) is a new concept in sexuality education (SE). Since it differs from other types of SE in a number of important respects, strategies developed for the evaluation of the latter are not necessarily applicable to HSE. In this paper the authors provide a basis for discussion on how to evaluate HSE. METHODS First, the international literature on evaluat...

background: there are thirteen who collaborating centres in iran which no mechanism or model has ever been foreseen for the evaluation of them. this original research is innovative in iran, which has been offered by the researcher through a joint research project with who. methods: the aforesaid model has been approved by the international relation department of ministry of health& education. t...

abstract background: appropriate quality achievement of a phd program requires frequent assessment and discovering the shortcomings in the program. inputs, which are important elements of the curriculum, are frequently missed in evaluations. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the input indicators of reproductive health phd program in iran based on the context, input, process, and product...

background: health is a national priority and it is always a duty of the government to establish a good and fair health system. the national heath care system reform program and evaluation of health system reform plan funding these programs were enforced by the honorable minister of health and medical education on may 5th, 2014. given the importance of this issue, the present study was conducte...

introduction: to promote the processes of providing medical services, patient's rights and establishing uniformity in treatment policy, the evaluation quality indexes were communicated to all general hospitals in 2002. this study evaluates the implementation of managed care guideline before their communication as evaluation quality indexes of hospitals and their relationship with communication ...

How health is defined and assessed is a priority concern for Indigenous peoples due to considerable health risks faced from environmental impacts to homelands, and because what is "at risk" is often determined without their input or approval. Many health assessments by government agencies, industry, and researchers from outside the communities fail to include Indigenous definitions of health an...

purpose: the purpose of this research is to identify and validate indicators used to evaluate research productivity of iran universities based on view of research assistants and managers of universities across the country.methodology: in other to achieve this aim documentary method and survey method were applied to identification and validation of these indicators respectively.. sample of this ...

iranian industries are increasingly concerned with sustainable development by controlling their impacts on environment. iranian automotive industries have began conducting environmental management within a structured management system based on iso 14001 international standard since 1997. iran khodro co. (ikco), the largest iranian automotive manufacturer, implemented ems entire the company in 2...