Energy outputs from ethanol produced using corn, switchgrass, and wood biomass were each less than the respective fossil energy inputs. The same was true for producing biodiesel using soybeans and sunflower, however, the energy cost for producing soybean biodiesel was only slightly negative compared with ethanol production. Findings in terms of energy outputs compared with the energy inputs wer...

This paper investigates the importance of network effects in the demand for ethanol-compatible vehicles and the supply of ethanol fuel retailers. An indirect network effect, or positive feedback loop, arises in this context due to spatially-dependent complementarities in the availability of ethanol fuel and the installed base of ethanol-compatible vehicles. Marketers and social planners are int...

Flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) can operate on a blend of ethanol and gasoline in any volumetric concentration of up to 85% ethanol (93% in Brazil). Existing FFVs rely on ethanol sensor installed in the vehicle fueling system, or on the ethanoldependent air-to-fuel ratio (AFR) estimated via an exhaust gas oxygen (EGO) or λ sensor. The EGO-based ethanol detection is desirable from cost and mainten...

the effects of unleaded gasoline and unleaded gasoline–ethanol blends on engine performance and pollutant emissions were investigated experimentally in a single cylinder, four-stroke spark-ignition engine with variable engine speeds (2600–3500 rpm). four different blends on a volume basis were applied. these are e0 (0% ethanol + 100% unleaded gasoline), e3 (3% ethanol + 97% unleaded gasoline), ...

the use of bio-ethanol as an alternative diesel engine fuel is rapidly increasing. bio-ethanol is mixed with diesel fuel at different ratios and used in ci and si engines. since vibrations have direct effects on users and engine components, for this reason analysis of vibration resulting from combustion in ci engines is very important. in this study, evaluation of vibration was performed for bo...

Hexanol was added in ethanol – diesel fuel to prevent separation of ethanol from diesel in this study. The ethanol blend proportion can be increased upto 45% in volume by adding the Hexanol. Engine performance and emissions characteristics of the fuel blends were investigated on a diesel engine and compared with diesel fuel. Experimental results show smoke emission decreases significantly with ...

At the previous conference KONES’2004 emission characteristics of C.I. engine fuelled with either rape oil methyl ester (RME) or diesel fuel (DF) as a main fuel and ethanol as additional fuel were presented. Comparison of emission and brake fuel conversion efficiency (BFCF) of the engine fuelled with both main fuels showed that fuelling with RME and ethanol is more advantageous on account of bo...

In order to solve energy crisis, the search for alternative fuel is extensively important. Alternative fuels selected should be renewable, sustainable and eco-friendly. In India, kerosene is also used as a fuel in cooking stove. Kerosene contains impurities like sulphur, aromatics and hydrocarbons, which causes environmental degradation. In this experimental investigation, blends of ethanol and...

Throughout the history of the automobile there have been periods of intense interest in using ethanol as an alternative fuel to petroleum-based gasoline and diesel derivatives. Currently available flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) can operate on a blend of gasoline and ethanol in any concentration of up to 85% ethanol. In all these FFVs, the engine management system relies on the estimation of the ...