In many epidemiological studies based on the direct measurement of exposure to organochlorines, the chemicals of concern are determined directly from adipose tissue samples. Although the measurement of all possible organochlorines, their metabolites, isomers and congeners may be desirable, it is expensive and time-consuming and many chemicals with hormonal activity may not yet have been identif...

Bisphenol A [BPA, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane], a xenoestrogen, is a monomer for the synthesis of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, and composites. Metabolism of BPA to the monoglucuronide will determine the extent of its estrogenicity in vivo. Investigation of the metabolism of BPA (500 microM) by isolated female rat hepatocytes confirmed the formation of BPA glucuronide as the major m...

In the present study, a previously established integrated testing strategy (ITS) for in vitro estrogenicity testing was extended with additional in vitro assays in order to broaden its sensitivity to different modes of action resulting in apparent estrogenicity, i.e., other than estrogen receptor (ER) binding. To this end, an extra set of 10 estrogenic compounds with modes of action in part dif...

We previously found that cigarette sidestream smoke particulate matter (CSSP) could activate estrogen receptor ERα to generate estrogen-like tumor-promoting effects. This study sought identify the compounds responsible for CSSP estrogenicity. first identified component using a combination of GC-MS and mass spectral matching. Based on computational estrogenicity prediction, nine potential estrog...

BACKGROUND Epidemiological documentation of endocrine disruption is complicated by imprecise exposure assessment, especially when exposures are mixed. Even if the estrogenic activity of all compounds were known, the combined effect of possible additive and/or inhibiting interaction of xenoestrogens in a biological sample may be difficult to predict from chemical analysis of single compounds alo...

Estrogenicity of Environmental PCBs The paper by Bergeron, Crews, and McLachlan, "PCBs as Environmental Estrogens: Turtle Sex Determination as a Biomarker of Environmental Contamination" (EHP 102:780-781) presents data on the estrogenic activity of 11 chlorinated biphenyls or diphenyl ethers, or hydroxylated derivatives thereof, selected so as to represent a variety of structural types. Some of...

Endometriosis is a chronic estrogen-dependent disease that occurs in approximately 10% of reproductive age women. Baboons offer a clear benefit for studying the initiation and progression of endometriosis since baboon is very close to humans phylogenetically. Progestins are used in the treatment of endometriosis. The therapeutic window of progestins depends on the ratio of its affinity towards ...

Wastewater treatment plant effluents contain a variety of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including with estrogenic activity such as 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), and nonylphenols. These substances can affect both behavior physiology in vertebrate animals. To explore the presence effects these EDCs natural setting, juvenile adult male fathead minnows, Pimephales promel...