Background: ​ ​​The​ ​Gordon ​ ​and​ ​Betty​ ​Moore ​ ​Foundation​ ​(GBMF) ​ ​was ​ ​interested ​ ​in understanding​ ​the​ ​potential ​ ​effects​ ​of ​ ​a​ ​policy​ ​requiring​ ​open​ ​access​ ​to​ ​peer-reviewed publications​ ​resulting​ ​from​ ​ the​ ​research​ ​the​ ​foundation​ ​funds. ​ ​​Methods: ​ ​​We​ ​collected ​ ​data​ ​on more​ ​than​ ​2000​ ​publications ​ ​in​ ​over​ ​500​ ​journa...

The feigning of disabling illness for the purpose of disability compensation, or "malingering," is common in Social Security Disability examinations, occurring in 45.8%-59.7% of adult cases. In this study, we estimated the costs of malingering based on mental disorder data published by the Social Security Administration. At the most widely accepted base rate of malingering in medicolegal cases ...

A multicountry econometric model and stochastic simulation are used to estimate the stabilizntion costs of the European Monetary Union (EMU). A measure of the variability of output and other variables is computed for the wnent regime and for the EMU reeime. The results show that Germanv is hurt the most in terms of increased output variability in moving from the current regime to the EMU regime...

Conflict resolution is an important part of many intelligent systems such as production systems, planning tools and cognitive architectures. For example, the ACT–R cognitive architectire [Anderson and Lebiere, 1998] uses a powerful conflict resolution theory that allowed for modelling many characteristics of human decision making. The results of more recent works, however, pointed to the need o...