Humans have always done nonmonotonic reasoning, but rigorous monotonic reasoning in reaching given conclusions has been deservedly more respected and admired. Euclid contains the first extended monotonically reasoned text available to a large public. I suspect that even Euclid did nonmonotonic reasoning in arguing for the postulates. It is unfortunate that the rigorous monotonic reasoning of Eu...

The present paper aims for the most part to prove the fact that religious and spiritual places and above all, mosques play major roles within Islamic urban areas. They are in fact the basis of civil infrastructures. A historical analysis focusing on where mosques stand in Islamic urban areas reveals that mosques have always been the center of development and growth and that they must be studied...

In response to climate change, many nations are facing a crisis in regards to managing land use, mitigating environmental degradation, and otherwise pursuing sustainable development. Vietnam faces many unique circumstances, both historical and present, that make it an interesting case study in such topics. As the discernable impacts of climate change increase, it is necessary for Vietnam to pur...

all along history, the art and society always have interplayed. literary works especially novel are rooted in contemporary society and tell us about social, political, cultural and historical issues of a society. a realistic novel may reflect realities of its time like a mirror. the sociology of literature is aimed to explain the links between society and literature and clarifying the quality o...