cell free dna (cfdna) is a genetic biomarker that is present in serum or plasma in high concentration in many types of cancer. identification of circu-lating cancer related dna molecules in serum or plasma is a non-invasive tool for early diagnosis and prognosis in many cancer patients. for this review, study selection and data extraction were performed by the authors. detection of point mutati...

although esophageal liposarcoma is an extremely rare tumor, liposarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in adults. liposarcoma is currently classified into the types of well-differentiated, myxoid, round cell, pleomorphic and dedifferentiated liposarcoma. up to now only a few cases of esophagus liposarcoma have been described in the world literature. we describe a myxoid type liposarcoma...

Sarcomas of the esophagus, including carcinosarcoma, are rare neoplasm cases and comprise 0.1-1.5% of all esophageal tumors. Leiomyosarcoma is the most common of the pure mesenchymal tumors of the esophagus, but sarcomas with combined histological types such as carcinosarcoma occur more frequently than pure sarcomas. We report a rare case of spindle cell sarcoma of esophagus in a 55-year-old wo...

INTRODUCTION Gastrointestinal tract small cell carcinoma is an infrequent and aggressive neoplasm that represents 0.1-1% of gastrointestinal malignancies. Very few cases of small cell esophageal carcinoma arising in Barrett's esophagus have been reported in the literature. An extremely rare case of primary small cell carcinoma of the distal third of the esophagus arising from dysplastic Barrett...

Within a neoplasm, there is genetic heterogeneity over both space and time. This heterogeneity is a fundamental property of the clonal evolution that drives neoplastic progression. It also poses unique challenges to the development of screening strategies and biomarkers for risk stratification and early detection of cancer. False negative results on assays may be due to a failure to sample the ...

Primary malignant melanoma of esophagus is a rare but highly aggressive neoplasm, with an incidence less than 0.2% of all primary esophagus neoplasms. There are no clinical differences from other forms of esophagus cancer. Because initial symptoms are nonspecific, the patients are usually diagnosed at a late stage. The prognosis is poor, and curative effect seems disappointed. Several reports s...

The coexistence of an epithelial lesion and a subepithelial lesion is uncommon. In almost all such cases, the coexistence of these lesions appears to be incidental. It is also extremely rare to encounter a neoplasm in the surface epithelium that overlies a benign mesenchymal tumor in the esophagus. Several cases of a coexisting esophageal neoplasm overlying a leiomyoma that is treated endoscopi...

There are unfortunately a relatively large number of cases of esophageal cancer in Iran as well as other countries, and one of the most difficult problems facing surgeons is the reconstruction of the esophagus and restoration of its function after excision of the tumor. From 1978 to 1987,20 patients (16 male, 4 female) ranging in age from 22 to 68 years were surgically treated for squamous...

there are unfortunately a relatively large number of cases of esophageal cancer in iran as well as other countries, and one of the most difficult problems facing surgeons is the reconstruction of the esophagus and restoration of its function after excision of the tumor. from 1978 to 1987,20 patients (16 male, 4 female) ranging in age from 22 to 68 years were surgically treated for squamous cell...

Neoplasms progress to cancer through a process of natural selection. The rate of evolution, and thus progression is determined by three parameters: mutation rate, population size of the evolving neoplastic cells, and intensity of selection or rate of clonal expansion. All three parameters are reviewed in the context of Barrett's esophagus, a pre-malignant neoplasm. Although Barrett's esophagus ...