Ergogenic aids such as anabolic steroids use has health risks including harmful changes in cholesterol levels (increased low-density lipoprotein and decreased high-density lipoprotein), acne, high blood pressure, liver damage (mainly with oral steroids), dangerous changes in the structure of the left ventricle of the heart (1, 2). There is limit information about ergogenic aids use in Iranian a...

Athletes at all levels explore ergogenic aids. Testosterone and growth hormone are still abused and difficult to detect. Single doses of albuterol or salmeterol do not seem ergogenic, but questions remain about prolonged dosing and about other beta2 agonists. Caffeine can be ergogenic for prolonged or brief exertion. Creatine supplementation is legal and in vogue among strength and power athlet...

MCNAUGHTON, L.R., J. SIEGLER, and A. MIDGLEY. Ergogenic effects of sodium bicarbonate. Curr. Sports Med. Rep., Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 230—236, 2008. Athletes use many different strategies to enhance their performance, including clothing and footwear, training regimes, diets, and ergogenic aids. The use of ergogenic aids is believed to be widespread, with a variety of legal as well as illegal substa...

OBJECTIVE Pseudoephedrine is a stimulant that can be purchased over-the-counter to relieve symptoms of nasal and sinus congestion. Owing to its similar composition to ephedrine and other amphetamines, pseudoephedrine mirrors some of its ergogenic effects. This study investigates its possible ergogenic effect through a systematic review. Our primary aim was to determine the effects of pseudoephe...

In the context of sport, an ergogenic aid can be broadly defined as a technique or substance used for the purpose of enhancing performance. Ergogenic aids have been classified as nutritional, pharmacologic, physiologic, or psychologic and range from use of accepted techniques such as carbohydrate loading to illegal and unsafe approaches such as anabolic-androgenic steroid use. The efficacy of m...

The “ergogenic” nutritional supplements are substances that supposedly improve the body’s work capacity and athletic performance. Dozens of “ergogenic” preparations are marketed today accompanied by nutrition and health claims. These products are commercially successful and consumed by athletes and exercisers. However, athletes who use supplements usually consume quantities much higher than tho...

The word “ergogenic” is derived from the Greek work “ergon” (work) and “genic” (producing). Thus, ergogenic aids are factors that can increase or improve work production. Improved work effort may occur as a result of increased strength, increased speed, increased endurance, etc. Many things fall into the category of ergogenic aids for human athletes including equipment, pharmacological agents, ...