avicenna has divided the conditionals to the real cogent (i.e. with possible antecedent) and the verbal cogent (i.e. with the impossible antecedent). denying the truth of the latter, he caused controversies among moslem logicians. at the paper, we report the controversies, analyze the real and verbal cogent conditionals, formalize them in modern modal and relevant logics, and finally, defend id...

We describe data structures and algorithms for performing a path-sensitive program analysis to discover equivalences of expressions involving linear arithmetic or uninterpreted functions. We assume that conditionals are abstracted as boolean variables, which may be repeated to reflect equivalent conditionals. We introduce free conditional expression diagrams (FCEDs), which extend binary decisio...

We describe a polynomial-time algorithm for global value numbering, which is the problem of discovering equivalences among program sub-expressions. We treat all conditionals as non-deterministic and all program operators as uninterpreted. We show that there are programs for which the set of all equivalences contains terms whose value graph representation requires exponential size. Our algorithm...

Abstract Conditionals are defeasible rules of the form If A then usually B , and they play a central role in many approaches to nonmonotonic reasoning. Normal forms conditional knowledge bases consisting set such conditionals useful create, process, compare represented by them. In this article, we propose several new normal for bases. Compared previously introduced antecedent form, reduced (RAN...

since 2005 a new powerful invariant of an algebra has emerged using the earlier work of horvath, hethelyi, kulshammer and murray. the authors studied morita invariance of a sequence of ideals of the center of a nite dimensional algebra over a eld of nite characteristic. it was shown that the sequence of ideals is actually a derived invariant, and most recently a slightly modied version o...

Abstract Although it receives less attention, (Lewis in Noûs 13:455–476, 1979. https://doi.org/10.2307/2215339 ) admitted that the branching-time(-like) model fits a wide range of counterfactuals, including (Nix) ‘If Nixon had pressed button, there would have been nuclear war’ , which was raised by (Fine Mind 84:451–458, 1975). However, Lewis then claimed similarity analysis is more general tha...

The dominant analyses of the logical form natural-language conditionals take them to be “suppositional conditionals”. latter are true or accepted if consequent is true/accepted on supposition antecedent. But this can happen although antecedent completely irrelevant (or even somewhat adverse) consequent. In conditionals, however, typically meant support evidence for will thus more complex than s...