Alternating current (AC) electrokinetics is a collection of processes for manipulating bulk fluid mass and embedded objects with AC electric fields. The ability of AC electrokinetics to implement the major microfluidic operations, such as pumping, mixing, concentration, and separation, makes it possible to develop integrated systems for clinical diagnostics in nontraditional health care setting...

This study discusses factors affecting various processes involved in bioremediation coupled with electrokinetics. The study presents innovative solutions, and proposes new directions. Environmental conditions that have an influence on the characteristics, behavior, and metabolism of indigenous microorganisms are presented. The discussion focuses on overcoming the unfavorable conditions created ...

We report an active micromixer which utilizes vortex generation due to non-equilibrium electrokinetics near the interface between a microchannnel and a nanochannel networks membrane (NCNM), constructed from geometrically controlled in situ self-assembled nanoparticles. A large interfacing area where it is possible to generate vortices can be realized, because nano-interstices between the assemb...

We review fundamental and applied acid-base equilibrium chemistry useful to microfluidic electrokinetics. We present elements of acid-base equilibrium reactions and derive rules for pH calculation for simple buffers. We also present a general formulation to calculate pH of more complex, arbitrary mixtures of electrolytes, and discuss the effects of ionic strength and temperature on pH calculati...

1. The question of the critical pore diameter for streaming potential is discussed. 2. The surface charge is calculated for cellulose in contact with solutions of K(3)PO(4), K(2)CO(3), K(2)SO(4), KCl, and ThCl(4). 3. The surface charge of cellulose in contact with a solution of 2 x 10(-4)N NaCl is calculated as a function of temperature and is found to show a sharp break at 39 degrees . This is...

AC electrokinetics is a generic term that refers to an induced motion of particles and fluids under nonuniform AC electric fields. The AC electric fields are formed by application of AC voltages to microelectrodes, which can be easily integrated into microfluidic devices by standard microfabrication techniques. Moreover, the magnitude of the motion is large enough to control the mass transfer...

To develop a portable point-of-care system based on biosensors for common infectious diseases such as urinary tract infection, the sensing process needs to be implemented within an enclosed fluidic system. On chip sample preparation of clinical samples remains a significant obstacle to achieving robust sensor performance. Herein AC electrokinetics is applied in an electrochemical biosensor cass...