designing and producing a proper fusion construction is the most important problem of producing large quantities of a properly folded functional protein. this construction should have all necessary components of a real gene. a good designed fusion gene construction could be cloned into a good and suitable host. clostridium perfringens is an important pathogen of humans and livestock and produce...

background and objectives: clostridium perfringens, a gram-positive obligate anaerobic bacterium, is able to form resistant spores which are widely distributed in the environment. c. perfringens is subdivided into five types a to e based on its four major alpha, beta, epsilon and iota toxins. the aim of the present study was cloning and expression of c. perfringens type d vaccine strain epsilon...

Epsilon-toxin is produced by Clostridium perfringens types B and D and is responsible for a rapidly fatal enterotoxemia in animals, which is characterized by edema in several organs due to an increase in blood vessel permeability. The Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line has been found to be susceptible to epsilon-toxin (D. W. Payne, E. D. Williamson, H. Havard, N. Modi, and J. Brown, FEM...

Designing and producing a proper fusion construction is the most important problem of producing large quantities of a properly folded functional protein. This construction should have all necessary components of a real gene. A good designed fusion gene construction could be cloned into a good and suitable host. Clostridium perfringens is an important pathogen of humans and livestock and produce...

Clostridium perfringens type D-producing epsilon toxin is a common cause of death in sheep and goats worldwide. Although anti-epsilon toxin serum antibodies have been detected in healthy non-vaccinated sheep, the information regarding naturally acquired antibodies in ruminants is scanty. The objective of the present report was to characterize the development of naturally acquired antibodies aga...

The tryptophan content of Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin was investigated. When the tryptophan content was determined by amino acid analysis after the hydrolysis of epsilon prototoxin with methanesulfonic acid containing 3-(2-aminoethyl)indole and by the spectrophotometric method with N-bromosuccinimide, the number of tryptophan residues was calculated at 1/mol of the protein. Cleavage o...

In this research a molecular method based on polymerase chain reaction for typing of Clostridium perfringens was developed and toxin genotypes of 64 isolates from sheep and goats in Iran were determined. The PCR assays were developed for detection of alpha (cpa), beta (cpb) and epsilon (etx) toxin genes, allowing classification of the isolates into genotypes A B, C and D. The field isolates ...

Epsilon-toxin, the primary virulence factor of Clostridium perfringens type D, causes mortality in livestock, particularly sheep and goats, in which it induces an often-fatal enterotoxemia. It is believed to compromise the intestinal barrier and then enter the gut vasculature, from which it is carried systemically, causing widespread vascular endothelial damage and edema. Here we used single pe...

125I-epsilon-toxin showed high affinity to rat brain homogenates and synaptosomal membrane fractions, having single binding phases with dissociation constants (Kds) of 2.5 and 3.3 nM, respectively. Treatment of synaptosomal membrane fractions with pronase and neuraminidase lowered the binding of the labeled toxin, whereas treatment with trypsin and phospholipase C did not. Heating of the fracti...

Epsilon toxin is a potent neurotoxin produced by Clostridium perfringens types B and D, an anaerobic bacterium that causes enterotoxaemia in ruminants. In the affected animal, it causes oedema of the lungs and brain by damaging the endothelial cells, inducing physiological and morphological changes. Although it is believed to compromise the intestinal barrier, thus entering the gut vasculature,...