unlike teacher beliefs, there has been a dearth of study regarding efl learner beliefs. the reason can be that horwitz (1987) and the existing literature has predominantly been in an esl context. the present study reports the development and validation of a scale to measure the learner beliefs about language learning in iranian efl contexts. using a combination of verbal creativity method, inte...

It is a commonplace of modal metaphysics that belief in possible worlds not only burdens one with a large ontology but also raises metaphysical problems concerning their existence and identity conditions and epistemological problems concerning the justification of one’s belief in them. In this paper, we challenge this commonplace and show that belief in possible worlds doesn’t necessarily burde...

The branch of philosophical logic which has become known as “belief change” has, in the course of its development, become alienated from its epistemological origins. However, as formal criteria do not suffice to defend a principled choice between competing systems for belief change, we do need to take their epistemological embedding into account. Here, on the basis of a detailed examination of ...

Postulational approaches attempt to understand the dynamics of belief revision by appealing to no more than the set of beliefs held by an agent and the logical relations between them. It is argued there that such an approach cannot work. A proper account of belief revision must also appeal to the arguments supporting beliefs, and recognize that those arguments can be defeasible. If we begin wit...

Unlike teacher beliefs, there has been a dearth of study regarding EFL learner beliefs. The reason can be that Horwitz (1987) and the existing literature has predominantly been in an ESL context. The present study reports the development and validation of a scale to measure the learner beliefs about language learning in Iranian EFL contexts. Using a combination of verbal creativity method, inte...

Research on epistemic beliefs has been hampered by lack of validated models and measurement instruments. The most widely used instrument is the Epistemological Questionnaire, which has been criticized for validity, and it has been proposed a new instrument based in the Epistemological Questionnaire: the Epistemic Belief Inventory. The Spanish-language version of Epistemic Belief Inventory was a...

one of the approaches which defends the rationality of religious beliefs is the reformed epistemology. among reformed epistemologists, wolterstorff’s view is subject to less criticism. this article tries to present epistemological foundations of wolterstorff’s view by describing and analyzing the statements which he has offered in his works. wolterstorff’s epistemological foundations are explai...

Historian of science Frederic Burnham has stated that the God hypothesis is now a more respectable hypothesis than at any time in the last one hundred years. This essay explores recent evidence from cosmology, physics, and biology, which provides epistemological support, though not proof, for belief in God as conceived by a theistic worldview. It develops a notion of epistemological support bas...