Chocolate and other cocoa-containing products are a rich source of polyphenols. This paper describes an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method that can separate and quantify in 3 min six of the major chocolate polyphenols: catechin; epicatechin; B2 (epicatechin-4beta-8-epicatechin); B5 (epicatechin-4beta-6-epicatechin); C1 (epicatechin-4beta-8-epicatechin-4beta-8-epicatechin); an...

Four procyanidin trimers have been isolated and their structures unequivocally established as: epicatechin(4~+8)'epicatechin-(4~+8)-catechin (5); epicatechin-(4~-+6)-epicatechin-(4~-8)-catechin (6); epicatechin(4~8)-epicatechin-(4~6)-catechin (7); and epicatechin-(4~-8)-epicatechin-(4~-+8).epic8techin (13), The presence of the first three trimers in Pinus tBeds phloem. and the isolation of both...

The presence of the procyanidins epicatechin-( 4j3-8)-catechin. epicatechin..{ 4j3-6)-catechin. catechin( 4a-8)-catechin. epicatechin-( 4j3-8 >-epicatechin-( 4j3-8)-epicatechin-{ 4138)-catechin. and epicatechin-(4j3-8)-epicatechin-(4j3-6)catechin in tile phloem of PillU.f raeda demonstrated heterogeneity in the location of the interftavanoid bonds in oligomeric pro...

Three proanthocyanidin trimers possessing A-type interflavanoid linkages, epicatechin-(4beta-->6)-epicatechin-(4beta-->8, 2beta-->O-->7)-epicatechin (4), epicatechin-(4beta-->8, 2beta-->O-->7)-epicatechin-(4beta-->8)-epicatechin (5), and epicatechin-(4beta-->8)-epicatechin-(4beta-->8, 2beta-->O-->7)-epicatechin (6), were isolated from the ripe fruits of Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) and pre...

background: bleomycin (blm) is an anti-cancer drug widely used in the treatment of cancer. blm causes several side effects related to dna and cellular damage. the aim of this study was investigated the effects of tea polyphenol epicatechin on anti-proliferative effects induced by bleomycin in human normal skin and human ovarian cancer cells.materials and methods: human ovarian cancer cell (skov...

Widely consumed beverages such as red wine, tea, and cocoa-derived products are a great source of flavanols. Epidemiologic and interventional studies suggest that cocoa flavanols such as (-)-epicatechin may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The interaction of (-)-epicatechin with food components including other polyphenols could modify its absorption, metabolism, and finally its bioac...

Epicatechin, a flavonoid, is a well-known antioxidant linked to a variety of protective effects in both humans and animals. In particular, its role in protection against cardiovascular disease has been demonstrated by epidemiologic studies. Low-dose epicatechin, which does not have significant antioxidant activity, is also protective; however, the mechanism by which low-dose epicatechin induces...

Widely consumed beverages such as red wine, tea, and cocoaderived products are a great source of flavanols. Epidemiologic and interventional studies suggest that cocoa flavanols such as (–)-epicatechin may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The interaction of (–)-epicatechin with food components including other polyphenols could modify its absorption, metabolism, and finally its bioact...

Recent reports indicate that (-)-epicatechin can exert cardioprotective actions, which may involve endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-mediated nitric oxide production in endothelial cells. However, the mechanism by which (-)-epicatechin activates eNOS remains unclear. In this study, we proposed to identify the intracellular pathways involved in (-)-epicatechin-induced effects on eNOS, usi...