crops for biofuel are becoming increasingly apparent. Richard Pike, chief executive of the Royal Society of Chemistry in London recently estimated that it would require the entire production of biofuel crops from 20 hectares to replace the kerosene for just one transatlantic flight from London to New York. Just a few kilometres from Heathrow is Windsor Great Park, a 2,000 hectare former Norman ...

our country, iran, is in the category of waterless and survived countries because of lack of climate downfalls to its unsuitable local to temporal transmittance. environmental concerns mainly after 1960s that have boon seriously proposed in universal politics, created a variety of assessments. in the late decades, environmental change such as: climate change, has caused chief challenges for the...

Environmental consequences of natural resource exploitation often entail threats of future occurrences of detrimental abrupt events rather than (or in addition to) inflicting a damage gradually. The possibility of abrupt occurrence of climate-change related calamities is a case in mind. The uncertainty associated with the realization of these threats and their public-bad nature complicate the d...

security building processes after world war ii, were under the influence of realistic thoughts. this was considered a reaction to idealistic and institutional approaches. critical school attempted to criticize classical and structural realism. new security theoreticians emphasize on extended subjects and diverse threats and believe it to be beyond the competition of countries. they believe that...

after the cold war, the concept of international security underwent a modification. among the most important components of such a transformation, the consolidation of ‘environmental security’, a topic in international security, can be taken into account. environmental security deal with threats that are not only the unintentional result of social and economic activities but are very slow in...

after the cold war, the concept of international security underwent a modification. among the most important components of such a transformation, the consolidation of ‘environmental security’, a topic in international security, can be taken into account. environmental security deal with threats that are not only the unintentional result of social and economic activities but are very slow in...