In the last two decades, many countries have enacted product take-back legislation that holds manufacturers responsible for the collection and environmentally sound treatment of end-of-use products. In an industry regulated by such legislation, we consider a manufacturer that also sells remanufactured products under its brand name. Using a stylized model, we consider three levels of legislation...

Compared to the environmental legislation of many developed countries, China’s environmental legislation was initiated late, beginning in 1979, but nevertheless has obtained considerable achievements. As many as thirty environmental laws have provided rules regarding prevention and control of pollution, resource utilization, and ecological protection in China. However, China’s environmental leg...

EC HAZARDOUS WASTE LEGISLATION 2 The Environmental Action Programs 2 Polluter Pays Principle 3 The Growth of the European Environmental Movement 4 The Framework Directives on Waste 5 Transfrontier Movement of Hazardous Waste 6 The SEA and Environmental Policy 12 Monitoring for Compliance 14 Subsidiarity and Environmental Policy 15 HAZARDOUS WASTE LEGISLATION IN GERMANY 17 The German Waste Oil D...

The legislation and laws related to protection against the natural environment aim achieve a balance between what is taken from can be achieved protect it by contemporary ideas of international organizations Earth Day environmental organizations. That has directed reflections on protections urban architectural environments that are activating role institutions under names adopt basic for protec...

This paper explores the gap between the principles of take-back legislation and their implementation. The discussion is based on my experience with take-back legislation implementations in Europe and in the United States, as well as my research exploring the underlying economics of take-back systems on the ground. I argue that the transposition of legislative principles into working systems can...

BACKGROUND While much attention is focused on national policies intended to protect human health from environmental hazards, states can also prevent environmentally mediated disease through legislation and regulation. However, relatively few analyses have examined the extent to which states protect children from chemical factors in the environment. METHODS Using Lexis Nexis and other secondar...