different approaches have been presented for estimating river environmental flow which hydrological approach has a lot addressed because of its need to access to limited data and moderately rapid assessment. this approach incorporates various methods therefore comparison between results of different methods is essential. the objective of this study is to investigate and compare the consequences...

commonly used environmental flow evaluation techniques range in complexity. some requires stream flow records alone, and some accounts for the habitat requirements of individual species life-stages and physical characteristics of the stream. hydrological based methods for environmental flow assessment are the first step in planning for environmental allocation in developing countries. for deter...

Environmental Flow Requirement (EFR) is defined as the flow that is necessary to ensure the existence of habitats in water resources systems. EFR is defined in rivers as flow index commonly. Tennant method is the most popular hydrological method in rivers and based on the historic flow data. The most common method of hydraulic rating method is the wetted perimeter method. Habitat simulation tec...

abstract given the importance of environmental cycles had led to allocation of water-right for water species and ecosystems which is known as environmental flow or in stream flow. from among the various methods for estimating environmental flow, building block approach is considered as a very powerful tool for estimating the water needs. in this paper, beside simplifying the building block appr...

The opening of new markets or trade routes has resulted in the deliberate or accidental introduction of new species, while the growth in the volume of trade has increased the frequency of species introductions. We model the connection between landscape heterogeneity, resource extraction, the level of biodiversity, and the level of trade. We show that the invasion risks of trade reduce the socia...

The theoretical expectations before and after this conference are contrasted. The unique theoretical opportunities for deciphering what sort of wind flows from pulsars in this system are outlined. We suggest that this system may provide evidence for fan beams, which should be clearer after a few years of spin-precession. There is also a reasonable expectation of a partially linearly polarized x...

Improving material efficiency is widely accepted as one of the key challenges facing manufacturers in the future. Increasing material consumption is having detrimental impacts on the environment as a result of their extraction, processing and disposal. It is clear that radical improvements in material efficiency are required to avoid further environmental damage and sustain the manufacturing se...

It is well known that the strongest and most frequent bora over the Croatian coast of the Adriatic Sea is found in the region of Senj (Figure 1) (e.g., Yoshino, 1976; Makjani}, 1978; Vu~eti}, 1991; Orli} et al., 1994; Penzar et al., 2001; Grubi{i}, 2004:, Dorman et al., 2006). According to field measurements (Yoshino, 1976), the strongest winds appear in the mountainous areas northeast of Senj,...