social incentives that bring them into existence and sustain them in the course of time. non-governmental organizations (ngos), whether based in the global north or south, are not different. unfortunately, numerous ngos start up and then fail, because the passion of the founder is not supported by a sustainable organization volunteers in all sectors are working with ngos. the ngos are citizen...

LONG-TERM GOALS Goals for this project include: 1) the characterization of ocean acoustic impulse response (OAIR) in shallow water under various environmental conditions, 2) the development of predictive and synoptic methodologies/models linking acoustic communications system (modem) performance to environmental factors. Ultimately this information can be used to develop a robust acoustic modem...

SHORT COMMUNICATIONS

Several studies have been conducted in recent years that show correlation between high frequency acoustic fluctuations and environmental parameters. For example, effects of tidally driven temperature fluctuations on underwater coherent acoustic communications were studied for a carrier frequency of 18 kHz [1]. However, the relationship between environmental fluctuations and the performance of c...