nowadays, a noticeable part of the relations among the states turn around the environment protection. therefore, the right for ever-creasing use of the existing resources of this inland sea cannot be exclusive to any caspian state and the aftermath involves all countries of this basin. in this respect, agreement on political border and boundaries with the caspian sea?s ecosystem is a difficult ...

The intersections and conversations between feminist geography and political geography have been surprisingly few. Feminist geographers’ forays into geopolitics and international relations within political geography have been relatively rare compared to their presence and influence in social, cultural, and economic geography. Likewise, only a few political geographers concerned with IR and geop...

The Kosovo war of 1999 brought the checkered legacies of Russian and Western geopolitics back to the forefront of international relations. Central to the discussions of the Balkans is its century-old legacy as a Shatterbelt or Crush Zone. Though not identified by Saul Cohen as a Shatterbelt during the Cold War, the region is now located where the maritime (Western) and land power (Russian) geos...

Geopolitics is about how the world is understood politically at the planetary scale. It is simultaneously a term that refers to great power rivalries and the knowledge and representational practices that legitimate that mode of rule. Now in the face of climate change the premises for thinking about human politics have been dramatically changed, even if many political elites and scholars have ye...

introductiongeopolitics is a word that conjures up images. in one sense, the word provokes ideas of war, empire, and diplomacy: geopolitics is the practice of states controlling and competing for territory. geopolitics had a history before the term itself came in to use in 1899 by swede rudolf kjellen. it is apparent that many of great figures in the history of political thought, from the ancie...

Despite its usage in the media, and occasionally within academic writings, the term, “geopolitics,” normally is denigrated for its past associations with disreputable and discredited theories and ideologies. In only the rarest of instances has the term been raised to respectability and utility, although recently, geopolitics has gained some ground toward a modest legitimacy. The ambition of thi...

A~STRCT. This paper argues for the re-conceptu~i~t~on of geopolitics using the concept of discourse. Geopolitics is defined as a discursive practice by which inteltectuals of statecraft ‘spatialize’ international politics and represent it as a ‘world characterized by particular types of places, peoples and dramas, Four theses explicating this re-conceptualization are outlined including the dist...

the request for natural gas attention to its adaption with environment and less pollution than the other fossil fuels has the highest growth in last decades. in result this energy has high geopolitical importance. iran with has about 2.18 percent of total world reserves, the largest in the world. but couldn't played important role in the natural gas geopolitics and even it hasn't in b...

following the collapse of the soviet :union: and the discovery of gas and oil in central asia and caucasia, it faced complex interests in the international political economy. these problems were mainly rooted in developing plans of the countries for increasing their influence in the area and also in russia's connections with the iranian and turkish governments in the region. this paper inv...