Capability of the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) method in extraction of the coherent structures from a spatio-temporal chaotic field is assessed in this paper. As the chaotic field, an ensemble of 40 snapshots, obtained from Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (KS) equation, has been used. Contrary to the usual methods, where the ergodicity of the field is need...

simulation of turbulence boiling, generation of vapour and predication of its behaviour are still subject to debate in the two-phase flow area and they receive a high level of worldwide attention. in this study, a new arrangement of the three dimensional governing equations for turbulence two-phase flow with heat and mass transfer are derived by using ensemble averaging two-fluid model and util...

Harmonics-to-noise ratios (HNRs) are affected by general aperiodicity in voiced speech signals. To specifically reflect a signal-toadditive-noise ratio, the measurement should be insensitive to other periodicity perturbations, like jitter, shimmer, and waveform variability. The ensemble averaging technique is a time-domain method which has been gradually refined in terms of its sensitivity to j...

We have demonstrated that Φ 0 periodic Aharonov–Bohm oscillations measured in a ensemble of rings may survive after ensemble averaging procedure. The central point is the difference between the preparation stage of the ensemble and the subsequent measurement stage. The robustness of the effect under finite temperature and non–zero charging energy of rings is discussed.

The uniqueness of nanoparticles, NPs, due to their functionalities not present in bulk size is well documented. A nuanced understanding of their functionalities depends on their accurate characterization. Generally the analysis is done on an ensemble of NPs. However, there is likely some variation in the NP population and ensemble averaging can limit insight into the relationships between size,...

Hidden Markov Models have many applications in signal processing and pattern recognition, but their convergencebased training algorithms are known to suffer from oversensitivity to the initial random model choice. This paper focuses upon the use of model averaging, ensemble thresholding, and random relative model permutations for improving average model performance. A method is described which ...

Impedance cardiography has been used increasingly to measure human physiological responses to emotional and mentally engaging stimuli. The validity of large-scale ensemble averaging of ambulatory impedance cardiograms was evaluated for preejection period (PEP), interbeat interval, and dZ/dt(min) amplitude. We tested whether the average of "classical" 60-sec ensemble averages across periods with...