The amounts of apical enlargement have been a controversial issue for a long time. The enlargement of the apical part of the canal may severely impact the endodontic prognosis. Enlargement of the apical portion to a larger size may negatively affect the ability to control the filling material during root canal obturation. In addition, an open-apex increases the risk for overfilling which has be...

this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of maternal diabetes on fetal spinal structure, especiallyin brachial enlargement. sixteen adult female rats were divided into two groups. diabetes was induced in one group by alloxan agent. both groups became pregnant by natural matting. on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after birth, the brachial enlargement of the spinal cord was collected from offsprin...

lymphatic filariasis is endemic to tropical countries and is the most common cause of acquired lymphedema in the world. wuchereria bancrofti is the main etiological agent responsible. while the presentation of filariasis in limbs is common, isolated presentation as a single enlarged lymph node in the neck is very rare. we describe a 48-year-old indian woman, who presented with a hard lymph node...

leukocytes are the major cellular essentials of inflammatory and immune reactions of the individual. leukocyte alterations are the consequence of a disproportion between the formation of leukocytes in the bone marrow and its exclusion by the mononuclear phagocytic system. there is also a wide range of clinical manifestations that can result from them: from very insignificant symptoms to serious...

9/11 (september) is one of the influential events in the international politics. in fact this event opens a new chapter of transaction in international relation and has been affected great powers policy and international institution in different aspects. nato as the most important security institution in west also affected by these events. these events have been changed nato strategy in deal wi...