OBJECTIVES The aims of this investigation were to determine the presence or absence of endotoxins in the pulp of symptomatic and symptom-free human carious teeth, to quantify the amount of endotoxins present, and to associate the presence of endotoxins with the acute pulpal pain. MATERIAL AND METHODS Pulpal tissue was sampled from 28 single-rooted carious teeth (15 symptomatic, 13 symptom-fre...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether non-enterobacterial endotoxins, which are likely to constitute the majority of the circulating endotoxin pool, may stimulate coronary artery endothelial cell activation. METHODS AND RESULTS Interleukin-8 secretion, monocyte adhesion, and E-selectin expression were measured in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and coronary artery endothelial cells (...

When endotoxins extracted from enteric bacteria were mixed in the presence of sodium deoxycholate, and the bile salt was subsequently removed by dialysis or by extraction with ethanol, a new type of endotoxin was formed. The latter material was as biologically active as the original endotoxins and possessed a combination of antigenic determinants that were previously unique to each of the indiv...

The aim of this study was to assess workers' exposure to endotoxins and peptidoglycans, as well as associations between workers' reported symptoms and the detected bacterial exposures. From the filter samples, biologically-active endotoxins were analysed with the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. The total amount of endotoxins was analysed as 3-hydroxy (OH) fatty acids with a gas chromatogr...

F OR practical purposes we may consider that endotoxins of gram-negative bactena are the cause of endotoxic shock. In general, endotoxins are produced by bactena which form smooth colonies. However, it should be mentioned that small quantities of endotoxin have been found in colonially rough, gram-negative rods and in some gram-positive bacteria. Endotoxins are found in the outer layers of the ...

Endotoxins are common indoor biocontaminants. Their levels have been shown to link to many sources and factors. One of them is cockroach infestation but the role of cockroaches and contamination mechanisms are unclear. We hypothesized that not only is cockroach infestation a sign of poor hygiene, but it also contributes to indoor endotoxins via fecal contamination. In this study, different cock...

The mechanism of tolerance to the pyrogenic activity of Gram-negative bacterial endotoxins is most often attributed to a non-specific increase in the activity of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) (1). Recently, it was shown that Group A streptococcal exotoxins produced biphasic fever responses in rabbits (2). In contrast to the non-specific tolerance induced by endotoxins, three distinct tox...

Potent TLR4-dependent cell activation by gram-negative bacterial endotoxins depends on sequential endotoxin-protein and protein-protein interactions with LPS-binding protein, CD14, myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD-2), and TLR4. Previous studies have suggested that reduced agonist potency of underacylated endotoxins (i.e., tetra- or penta- vs hexa-acylated) is determined by post-CD14 intera...