Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) is an important pome with a long history as a fruit, an ornamental, and a source of medicine. Fruits of hawthorn are marked by hard stony endocarps, but a hawthorn germplasm with soft and thin endocarp was found in Liaoning province of China. To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the soft endocarp of hawthorn, we conducted a de novo assembly of the fruit tran...

Endocarp morphology of 4 species of Iranian Celtis was examined using light and scanning electron microscopes. Macro- and micro-morphological characters were included endocarp shape, color, size, surrounding rim, ornamentation and SEM structure of the outer layer of the endocarp. Endocarp morphology of the examined specimens exhibit variation in all characters. Endocarp shape varies from globul...

Investigation into the initial developmental stages of a given structure is fundamental for precise characterization as well as for comparative analysis in relation to other taxa when homologies are established. For the Anacardiaceae family, investigations of the initial development of the pericarp or its basic histological sites, the epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp, are relevant since these reg...

The external and internal structures of fruits from 95 taxa representing 27 Ranunculaceae genera of China were studied. The results show that Ranunculaceae could be divided into 4 groups based on the fruit types, epidermal surface, vascular bundle, mesocarp cell, and endocarp cell structures: Group 1: follicle or achene, branching or branching and anastomosing vascular bundles, mesocarp parench...

Hydrophobic protein from soybean (HPS) is present in soybean dust and is an allergen (Gly m 1) that causes asthma in allergic individuals. Past studies have shown that HPS occurs on the seed surface. To determine the microscopic localization of HPS during seed development, monoclonal antibodies to HPS were used to visualize the protein by fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Seed ...

Present paper deals with the pharmacognostic studies of the fruits of J. curcas Linn. The 75-80 cells thick pericarp is differentiated into epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp. Mesocarpic zone embeds non-articulated laticifers, tannin containing idioblasts and randomly distributed vascular bundles. Endocarp shows the occurrence of fibrous sclereids. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the drug po...

Almost one-quarter of the world's population has basic energy needs that are not being met. Efforts to increase renewable energy resources in developing countries where per capita energy availability is low are needed. Herein, we examine integrated dual use farming for sustained food security and agro-bioenergy development. Many nonedible crop residues are used for animal feed or reincorporated...

the endocarp of celtis australis l. with hyrcanian forests of northern iran and arid mountains of northern africa ecotypes were studied considering macro and micro morphologic characteristics, using binocular and scanning electron microscope. the aim of this research was to evaluate the endocarp diversity in different ecological conditions. the results showed that celtis australis l. is bigger,...

Eurycoma longifolia fruits are borne in large bunches consisting of 200-300fruits in each bunch. Even though trees produce abundant fruits during the peak fruiting season in September, yet the number of seedlings found growing in the forest floor is very low. Our results indicated that the seeds with hard endocarp sown in a 1:1 soil and sand mixture only start to germinate 43 days after sowing ...

The present study reports on the proportion of endocarp, mesocarp and exocarp in green walnuts and on the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of these fractions and of whole green walnuts (Juglans regia L.). The total phenolic content was determined by the Folin– Ciocalteu method and the antioxidant activity was assessed by the ability to quench the stable free radical 2,2'-diphenyl...