white-collar criminals are those who abusing their official occupations commit profitable, nonviolent crimes. the most important manifestations of white collar crimes are: fraud, corruption (including bribery), employment offences, consumer offences, drug and food offences, environmental crimes, cyber crimes, and customs offences. some manifestations of white collar crime have direct victims so...

Abstract— Population characteristics and processes both are the drivers and results of social and economic development processes and outcomes. A community’s population characteristics like age, background, close circle, employment, education, use of drugs, family history, per capita income, locality, housing status etc. are of concern that influences various offences and offence levels in our s...

Abstract Employment can reduce reoffending, yet many employers refrain from hiring candidates with prior convictions, particularly for sexual offences. This study explored employability ratings before and after a disclosure barring service (DBS) check public facing job. The DBS revealed either (i) rape, (ii) activity child, (iii) possession of indecent photographs children, or (iv) no criminal ...

The paper intends to contribute to a better understanding of the interactions between criminality, economic performance and social cohesion. We try to achieve this aim by evaluating the existing economic and criminological research and by carrying out own empirical investigation on the basis of international panel data sets from different levels of regional aggregation. Our empirical results wi...

Adam Graycar Director This paper discusses trends in the incarceration of women and intervention programs available to women in prison. The data demonstrate that incarceration rates for women have been increasing over the last decade and that women are often imprisoned for property, violence and drug offences. Correctional facilities in Australia, in common with many other jurisdictions, admini...

BACKGROUND Road trauma is a leading cause of death and injury in young people. Traffic offences are common, but their importance as a risk indicator for subsequent road trauma is unknown. This cohort study assessed whether severe road trauma could be predicted by a history of prior traffic offences. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Clinical data of all adult road trauma patients admitted to...

Apparent inconsistency in criminal sentencing at District Court level in New Zealand (NZ) might also be expected for health and safety in employment (HSE) offences. We review relevant legislation and the guidelines established in the de Spa appeal case, and estimate a model of HSE sentencing variability distinguishing the de Spa criteria (and a subset similar to those used in the formal U.S. cr...