in recent years, multifunctional agriculture as a new paradigm of agriculture and rural development was introduced to the world. multifunctional indicates that the inclusion of agricultural production functions (food, fiber) and unproductive functions (field of employment and income, strengthening social capital, conservation of biodiversity and genetic enhancement of rural industries, represen...

Saving money for retirement: a simpli ed description of the problem. Let us consider a simpli ed version of this situation, when we only have two moments of the time: the current moment of time (when we earn money), and the future moment of time, in which we will not earn money. Suppose that at the present moment, we earn the amount m. Out of this amount, we can save s ≤ m and thus, spend the r...

'What's the point of a street of fifty houses all going to work to earn money to each buy a separate lawnmower, if you could work shorter hours, earn less money, then buy one lawnmower for the whole street to take turns to share it?'

This paper studies the labor market impact of documented and undocumented immigration in a model with search frictions and non-random hiring. Since they accept lower wages, firms obtain a higher match surplus from hiring immigrants rather than natives. Therefore, immigration results in the creation of additional jobs but also generates more job competition. Whether job creation or competition i...

When human decision makers deal with (even simple) decision situations, they intuitively deal with the interactive structure of the decision goals and reasons about relationships between goals. For instance, let us consider a decision maker who intends to earn money (goal 1) and to have fun (goal 2) simultaneously. If the only way to earn money is to work, then at least two situations are possi...

Immigrant versus Native Businesswomen: Proclivity and Performance Career positions in German economic life are still male-dominated, and the driving forces behind success are not yet well understood. This paper contributes to a better understanding by classifying success stories in self-employment and business careers, and by investigating differences between native women (both from West and Ea...

this article examines the basic assumption of rational expectations hypothesis on iran's economy from 1966 to 2003. this assumption suggests the neutrality or ineffectiveness of money policy on the development of real variables of production and employment. the results from estimation of production equation do not support the significant influence of unanticipated component of money growth...

We combine labor market and class theory to explain how racial and gender income inequality endures in the transition from employment to retirement. Using data from Health and Retirement Study primary respondents who were not retired in 1992 (wave 1) but were retired in 2000 (wave 5), OLS regression and Heckman’s two step analysis indicate that: (1) black and white women earn less from employme...

As you probably know, most farms are found in rural areas, far away from big cities. However, when food is grown near cities, it can make cities more sustainable and prepared for the future. Moreover, even offers business options farmers outskirts of as well newcomers start-ups producing city centers. Short food-supply chains well-known origin only some benefits. New technologies like aquaponic...