In this paper, we present a solid-core Silica-based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) composed of hexagonal lattice of air-holes and calculate the effective index and chromatic dispersion of PCF for different physical parameters using the empirical relations method (ERM). These results are compared with the data obtained from the conventional multipole method (MPM). Our simulation results reveal tha...

Ground-motion (attenuation) relations are used to estimate strong ground motion for many engineering and seismological applications. Where strongmotion recordings are abundant, these relations are developed empirically from strong-motion recordings. Where recordings are limited, they are often developed from seismological models using stochastic and theoretical methods. However, there is a larg...

In many rock engineering projects, accurate identification of rock strength properties is very important. Uniaxial compressive strength is one of the most important features to describe the resistive behavior of rocks which is used as an important parameter in the design of structures especially underground openings. Determination of this parameter using direct methods, including uniaxial compr...

This paper proposes a method of analyzing spatial relations among point distributions on a discrete space. Spatial topology and proximity are discussed in an integrated framework at both local and global scales. Local relations are described by geographical representations while global relations are visualized by graph representations. The latter also provides a means of classifying the point d...

to assess seismic hazard, it is essential to estimate the potential seismicity, particularly estimation of size of the largest earthquake that can be identified by a distinct fault or earthquake source. one of the methods applied to estimate magnitude of earthquake is use of empirical relationships between magnitude and fault parameters. fault parameters for the earthquakes from early instrumen...