Our main contribution is to propose a novel model selection methodology, expectation minimization of information criterion (EMIC). EMIC makes a significant impact on the combinatorial scalability issue pertaining to the model selection for mixture models having types of components. A goal of such problems is to optimize types of components as well as the number of components. One key idea in EM...

The conductivities of the binary room-temperature molten salt (RTMS) systems ZnCl 2-N-nbutylpyridinium chloride (BPC), ZnCl2 -1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIC) and ZnCl2 benzyltriethylammonium chloride (BTEAC) have been measured at different temperatures and compositions by a d.c. four-probes method. The conductivities of the three RTMS are in the order ZnCl2-EMIC > ZnCl2-BPC > ZnCl2-...

We review recent developments in the study of culture and personality measurement. Three approaches are described: an etic approach that focuses on establishing measurement equivalence in imported measures of personality, an emic (indigenous) approach that studies personality in specific cultures, and a combined emic-etic approach to personality. We propose the latter approach as a way of combi...

[1] The loss of relativistic electrons from the Earth’s radiation belts as a result of resonant interactions with electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves (EMIC) waves has yet to be fully quantified, in part, due to the lack of global measurements of the wave distribution during individual storm events. Recent work has focused on augmenting direct wave measurements with proxy wave indicators. Here w...

Leukoaraiosis (LA) describes diffuse white matter abnormalities apparent in computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) brain scans. Patients with LA generally show varying degrees of cognitive impairment, which can be classified as cognitively normal (CN), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. However, a consistent relationship between the degree of LA and the level of cogniti...

Extracellular electron transfer (EET) is a microbial metabolism that enables efficient electron transfer between microbial cells and extracellular solid materials. Microorganisms harbouring EET abilities have received considerable attention for their various biotechnological applications, including bioleaching and bioelectrochemical systems. On the other hand, recent research revealed that micr...

BACKGROUND Stigma plays in an important role in the lives of persons affected by neglected tropical diseases, and assessment of stigma is important to document this. The aim of this study is to test the cross-cultural validity of the Community Stigma Scale (EMIC-CSS) and the Social Distance Scale (SDS) in the field of leprosy in Cirebon District, Indonesia. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS Cult...

Electric conductivity of the molten zinc chloride-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride phases has been measured by a computerized system using the d.c. four-probes method. The sequence of the conductivities for the different component melts is ZnCl2-EMIC > ZnCl2-EMIC-CoCl2 > ZnCl2EMIC-DyCl3 > ZnCl2-EMIC-CoCl2-DyCl3. The results may be explained in terms of the viscosity increase due to the comp...

How to measure culture has been a fundamental challenge for scholars in the field of international business. Approaches, as well as contexts relating to culture, national culture, and dimensional culture, are their major concerns. It is suggested that etic categories may be useful for comparative analysis, but need corroboration from fieldwork and must be open to new elements collected by an em...