in 2002, david alexander wrote principles of emergency planning and management. long a standard reference work in that book he described the processes of preparing for and responding to disasters, crises, and civil contingencies. he based the work on principles because he wanted to dissociate it from any particular system of emergency management. then, as now, many books in this subject are tie...

conclusions the antinociceptive properties of lidocaine are derived from multifaceted mechanisms, turning it into a medication that is safe to administer via different routes which makes it available for use in a variety of medical conditions. results our study revealed that lidocaine is broadly used in various therapeutic approaches for different types of pain, such as visceral/central pain, r...

introduction: one of the important aspects in high quality health care system is delivering health services in an appropriate way which can lead to development of the systems. patient satisfaction is a quality indicator that has the potential to provide valuable information about the care delivered by an emergency medical services system (ems). this indicator is considered as an important marke...

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introduction: pre-operative investigations for emergency surgical patients differ between centers. following established guidelines can reduce unnecessary investigation, cost of treatment and hospital stay. the present audit was carried out to evaluate the condition of doing pre-operative investigations for three common surgical emergencies compared to national institute for health and care exc...

objective: one of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) named as ketorolac is frequently used to relieve acute pain. current study was conducted with the aim of ketorolac efficacy measurement as a pain killer agent for controlling the primary headache in emergency departments. methods: in this study, we enrolled 50 patients with primary headache who received 60 mg ketorolac intravenousl...

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traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death in developed countries. it is estimated that only in the united states about 100,000 people die annually in parallel among the survivors there is a significant number of people with disabilities with significant costs for the health system. it has been determined that after moderate and severe traumatic injury, brain parenchyma is affected by m...

background: accurate and timely information and communication are vital to adequately prepare individual health organizations for emergency events. the current article investigated health-related communication and information systems for emergency management in iran. methods: the present study was conducted in 2009 with a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach. simple random purposeful sam...