The embryonic stem cell test (EST), an alternative model to animal studies, is a reliable and scientifically validated in vitro system for testing embryotoxicity. In contrast to most in vivo animal tests, two permanent cell lines, murine fibroblasts (BALB/c‑3T3 cells) and murine embryonic stem cells (mES‑D3 cells), are used in EST instead of animals in standard tests of toxicity. The embryotoxi...

The influence of dosing time on the embryotoxicity of sodium valproate (valproic acid, VPA) was investigated in ICR mice under a light-dark (12:12) cycle. A significant circadian rhythm was shown for VPA-induced embryotoxicity, with the highest value at 1700 and the lowest at 0100. A similar pattern of rhythm was also shown for VPA-induced toxicity in pregnant and nonpregnant mice. No significa...

Rhizoma Atractylodes macrocephala, Radix Isatidis, Coptis chinensis and Flos Genkwa are common herbal remedies used by pregnant woman in China. In this study, their potential embryotoxicity was assessed using the embryonic stem cell test (EST) and a prediction model. The potential embryotoxicity of the herbs was based on three endpoints: the concentrations of the compounds that inhibited the pr...

The Embryonic Stem Cell Test (EST) developed in Germany in 1997 is known as a screening test method capable of predicting the presence of unknown chemicals influencing normal human development. Firstly, we investigated the embryotoxicity of 24 types of monomer including dental monomers and dental alloy-component metal elements using this test. Monomers including Bis-GMA contained in base resin ...

BACKGROUND Currently, there are no suitable assays available to evaluate the embryotoxicity of leached components from restorative dental materials. METHODS The effect of the medium conditioned by composites and amalgam on mouse blastocysts in vitro was tested. The materials were also subcutaneously implanted, and the effect of the medium supplemented with serum from the host blood was evalua...

Haloacetic acids (HAs) are embryotoxic contaminants commonly found in drinking water. The mechanism of HA embryotoxicity has not been defined, but may be mediated in part by protein kinase C (PKC) inhibition. This study was conducted to evaluate the pathogenesis of HA embryotoxicity, and to compare these data with those from specific (Bis I) and non-specific (staurosporine) inhibitors of PKC. E...

OBJECTIVE In this paper the relation between progesterone levels and embryotoxic effect of serum complement was studied. DESIGN The aim of this study was to validate hypothesis that progesterone is strong inhibitor of complement embryotoxic action. SETTING We used chick embryo like an experimental model for evidence of our hypothesis. We treated chick embryos by sera acquired from healthy p...

s The purpose of this study was carried out by the embryotoxicity risk assessment of the dental alloys containing indium. We produced Ag-In alloy, Ag-Pd-Au-Cu alloy and gold alloy for porcelain bonding. For the extraction of these alloy components into the ES-D3 cell culture medium, each alloy was reduced to a powder using a diamond point and sterilized after rinsing. In order to facilitate the...

In line with the recommendations of an ECVAM workshop on reproductive toxicity, held in 1994 (1), ECVAM initiated and funded a validation study of three in vitro embryotoxicity tests. In two of these assays, pregnant laboratory animals are used to obtain embryonic tissue — either primary embryonic cells in the mouse micromass (MM) test or embryos in the rat whole embryo culture (WEC) test. In c...