messenger rnas may be targeted by short 19-27 nt rnas generally called small none-coding rnas (snrnas), the role of mirnas among other snrnas has been more studied and is well known. many researches show that all compartments of risc, proteins and mirnas take part in this wide range of regulatory impacts. ago protein homologs plus mirnas and target mrnas form a silencing complex in p-bodies whi...

background: methamphetamine (ma) is one of most common illicit drugs which were reported that nearly half of ma consumers are women. ma can cross through placenta and affects pregnancy and fetus development. objective: our aim was to evaluate effects of injected ma on crown-rump length, head and placental circumference, body weight, histological changes and apoptosis in fetus. materials and met...

background: melatonin, a reactive oxygen species (ros) scavenger and an antioxidant, has been shown that can inhibit apoptosis. administration of melatonin may improve embryo development in assisted reproductive technology (art). objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of melatonin in inhibition of spontaneous and induced apoptosis by tumor necrosis factor alph (tnf-α) and act...

the development of culture media able to mimic the preovulatory stage of follicular environment and support nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of oocyte is important for in-vitro fertilization (ivf) programs. it seems that the best culture media for embryonic development and cell cleavage is the natural composition which surrounds the oocyte which has been used occasionally in human ivf program...

background: progress achieved in culture media formulations have resulted led to an improvement in maintaining the mammalian embryo in culture throughout the preimplantation and pre-attachment period. objective: the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of various concentrations of myo-inositol during in vitro fertilization of bovine oocytes on subsequent embryo development. materi...

Background The aim of this study was to establish a cell-free sequential culture system that can support high levels of in vitro embryo development and blastocyst formation from bovine zygotes. To this end, this investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of glucose, serum and EDTA on bovine zygote in vitro development. MaterialsAndMethods Bovine presumptive zygotes were derived from ...

background: stanozolol (st) is a synthetic anabolic-androgenic steroid often abused by athletes. an increasing body of evidence points towards the role of st misuses in the pathogenesis of a wide range of adverse effects including reprotoxicity. objective: the aim of this study was to analyze the possible reproprotective effect of royal jelly (rj) as an efficient antioxidant in st-treated mice....

the cytokine of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (gm-csf) is a glycoprotein, which is synthesized in the female reproductive tract and has embryonic trophic effect in mammals. the objective of this study was to examine the optimal dosage of gm-csf to improve the mouse embryo development in vitro. to collect two and eight cells embryos, the pregnant nmri mice were sacrificed by c...

background: mammalian oocytes are exposed to a mixture of many different growth factors and cytokines which provides an optimized microenvironment for oocyte maturation. in the lack of this natural microenvironment in vitro the quality of oocyte and embryos appears to be suboptimal. objective: this study was undertaken to investigate the effects of egf and lif on in vitro maturation fertilizati...

abstract background: improvements in culture media formulations have led to an increase in the ability of sheep embryo in culture throughout the preimplantation period. objective: this study was carried out to evaluate the effects of various concentrations of mem vitamins during in vitro maturation of sheep oocytes and subsequent embryo development. materials and methods: sheep ovaries were col...