A new local ab initio molecular dynamics method, namely elongation molecular dynamics (ELG-MD) is proposed for highly efficient simulations of aperiodic polymer systems. ELG-MD combines the elongation method (ELG) with the Gear predictor corrector (GPC) algorithm of molecular dynamics simulation. In this method, the local gradients acting on the atom's nucleus in the active region are calculate...

Experiments in several species have shown that the axial elongation rate of the developing eye can be increased or decreased by manipulating the visual environment, indicating that a visually guided emmetropization mechanism controls the enlargement of the vertebrate eye during postnatal development. Previous studies in tree shrews (Tupaia glis belangeri) suggest that regulation of the mechanic...

The Müllerian duct (MD) is the anlage of the oviduct, uterus and upper part of the vagina, the main parts of the female reproductive tract. Several wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) integration site family member (Wnt) genes, including Wnt4, Wnt5a and Wnt7a, are involved in the development of MD and its derivatives, with Wnt4 particularly critical, since the MD fails to develop in ...

PURPOSE To determine whether the muscarinic antagonist atropine effectively reduces or prevents experimentally induced myopia via a nonaccommodative mechanism. METHODS Chicks were monocularly deprived (MD) of pattern vision by placement of a translucent occluder over the left eye. In two of the three MD groups, chicks received a series of intravitreal injections of atropine (n = 8) or saline ...

the objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between 16 process variables of the cmp tower chemi-mechanical pulp, and 17 newsprint quality properties at mazandaran wood and paper industries and to develop predictive models. after preparation of suitable data series considering the time needed for pulp to paper, the relations between process dependant and newsprint independen...

Results. In sham-injected and saline-injected MD tree shrews, 12 days of MD produced —13.2 D ± 0.8 D and —14.1 D ± 0.5 D of axial myopia, respectively. In pirenzepine-injected MD tree shrews, 12 days of MD induced an axial myopia of only —2.1 D ± 1.4 D. The significant reduction in myopia in pirenzepine-injected MD tree shrews was caused by significantly less vitreous chamber elongation of the ...

the purpose of the present study was to investigate the use of personal and impersonal metadiscourse (md) by persian- and english-speaking writers in academic writing. for this purpose, 80 abstracts were selected (40 written by persian-speaking writers and 40 by english-speaking ones) and analyzed. these abstracts were selected from endocrinology and metabolism journals published during 2010 to...

PURPOSE In tree shrews, visual form deprivation produces increased axial elongation of the deprived eye and a myopic shift in refractive state. A change in scleral extensibility (creep rate) is closely associated with the change in axial elongation rate. These effects may be due to scleral tissue remodeling produced by a change in scleral gene expression. In this study, the authors investigated...

Pyrophosphate ion (PPi) release during transcription elongation is a signature step in each nucleotide addition cycle. The kinetics and energetics of the process as well as how it proceeds with substantial conformational changes of the polymerase complex determine the mechano-chemical coupling mechanism of the transcription elongation. Here we investigated detailed dynamics of the PPi release p...

Amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides can elongate in the fibril axis and associate in the lateral direction. We present detailed atomic Abeta models with different in-register intermolecular beta-sheet-beta-sheet associations. We probe structural stability, conformational dynamics, and association force of Abeta oligomers with various sizes and structures for both wild-type and mutated sequences using...