For dynamic games we consider the idea that a player, at every stage of the game, believes that his opponents will choose rationally in the future. Not only this, we also assume that players, throughout the game, believe that their opponents always believe that their opponents will choose rationally in the future, and so on. This leads to the concept of common belief in future rationality, whic...

the political, social transformation in 1940’s, are counted as an importance point in recent history of iran. for increasing the process of reconstruction, mohammad reza shah conquest and destroyed the opponents of this program using military forces and savak (intelligence agency). these opponents believe in working under the mashroote laws. after devastating these opponents, new opponents appe...

Evolutionary advantages over cousin cells in bacterial pathogens may decide about the success of a specific cell in its environment. Bacteria use a plethora of methods to defend against other cells and many devices to attack their opponents when competing for resources. Bacteriocins are antibacterial proteins that are used to eliminate competition. We report the discovery of a putative membrane...

The paper is devoted to the analysis of discursive dimension standoff between supporters 6th Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky and those his predecessor Petro Poroshenko. This implemented in Internet memes as one forms political satire. Memes can be defined by their goals, frame reference means. practices used aiming at symbolic defamation a opponent electoral base are considered, taking i...

This paper studies repeated interactions between an agent and an unknown opponent that changes its strategy over time. We propose a framework for learning switching nonstationary strategies. The approach uses decision trees to learn the most up to date opponent’s strategy. Then, the agent’s strategy is computed by transforming the tree into a Markov Decision Process (MDP), whose solution dictat...