Electrorheological (ER) fluid, which can be transformed rapidly from a fluid-like state to a solid-like state under an external electric field, is considered to be one of the most important smart fluids. However, conventional ER fluids based on microparticles are subjected to challenges in practical applications due to the lack of versatile performances. Recent researches of using nanoparticles...

We propose a model that takes into account the effect of flow-modified permittivity (FMP) on electrorheology (ER). Our computer simulation shows that for Mason numbers less than 0.1, ER effects are mainly attributable to the deformation of chain structures, in agreement with earlier theoretical and simulation work. At larger Mason numbers, where chain structures have been destroyed by shear flo...