to cope with the urban congestion problem resulted from rapid urbanization some cities are successfully using electronic road pricing policy as a demand management measure. in 1982, hong kong governmenttook initiative to experiment electronic road pricing in hong kong. though, the project outcome reveals that electronic road pricing could bring tremendous economic, social and environmental bene...

To cope with the urban congestion problem resulted from rapid urbanization some cities are successfully using Electronic Road Pricing policy as a demand management measure. In 1982, Hong Kong Governmenttook initiative to experiment electronic road pricing in Hong Kong. Though, the project outcome reveals that Electronic Road Pricing could bring tremendous economic, social and environmental bene...

Specific environmental taxes are minor in relation to fuel excise duty, road tolls and annual taxes on the ownership or use of vehicles, in terms of their cost to transport operators and users (see the OECD environmental tax data base). Although differentiation of general transport taxes on the basis of environmental performance is quite widely used to leverage vehicle purchase decisions, this ...

This paper develops an economic framework for developing strategies necessary to deploy networks, and applies the framework to the deployment of road pricing. The cost structure of highways are discussed. A graphical method for measuring welfare with road pricing is presented. The relationship of space and financing mechanism is reviewed. A network model of the economy is presented. This is fol...

EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The Unive David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, [email protected] LPCNO, INSA, Université de Toulouse, 13 cedex 4, France Centre for Radiochemisty Research, Sch Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University † Electronic supplementary information synthetic details, NMR spectra, EPR spe and emission spectra, voltammetric computati...

 Oncology medicines reimbursed in France have a fixed price whereas the benefits vary across patient groups.  Pricing models aligned to the clinical benefit open an interesting concept, but they need to be supported by reliable and standardised metrics aligned with health authorities ‘expectation.  The Personalised Reimbursement Models (PRM) project is a global Roche project inspired by the ...

The surge of road pricing projects in the U.S. and around the globe over the past fifteen years has been enabled by a set of new communication and transportation technologies. There is currently a wide array of technical configurations ranging from systems based on “tried and true” shortrange radio communications to experimental systems relying on global positioning satellites. These technologi...

Provinsi DKI Jakarta merupakan provinsi dengan kepadatan penduduk tertinggi di Indonesiadengan populasi 10.609.681 jiwa pada tahun 2021,dengan jumlah kendaraan bermotor menurut jeniskendaraan(unit) total 20.221.821 indeks 2021 (BPSP Jakarta) .Kepadatan yang tinggi mengakibatkan perpindahan masyarakat danaktivitas meningkat, namun belum didukung kapasitas jalan cukup serta moda transportasiumum ...

Objective(s): Nanocarriers are drug delivery vehicles, which have attracted the attention of researchers in recent years, particularly in cancer treatment. The encapsulation of anticancer drugs using protein nanocages is considered to be an optimal approach to reducing drug side-effects and increasing the bioavailability of anticancer drugs. Epirubicin (EPR) is an active chemotherapeutic medica...