abstract background: accurate methods of radiation therapy dose calculation. there are different monte carlo codesfor simulation of photons, electrons and the coupled transport of electrons and photons. mcnpis a general purpose monte carlo code that can be used for electron, photon and coupledphoton-electron transport.monte carlo simulation of radiation transport is considered to be one of the ...

nano-sized titanium dioxide tio2 powder was prepared by new wet chemical route from its precursor titanium (iv) chloride (ticl4) as precursor with isopropoxy alcohol in presence of nitric acid under ambient condition. their morphologies, phase compositions and components of the tio2 nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (tem), field emission scanning electron micr...

Nano-crystalline particles of CeO2 have been synthesized by a low temperature chemical precipitation method. The precursor materials used in this research were Ce(NO3)3.6H2O, NaOH and diethylene glycol as surfactant. X-ray powder diffraction results showed that face centered cubic CeO2 nanoparticles with crystalline size in nanometer scale were formed. Scanning electron microscopy measurement s...

background and objective: nanoscopic life forms called nanobacteria or calcifying nanoparticles (cnp) are unconventional agents. these novel organisms are very small (0.1 to 0.5 microns) and possess unusual properties such as high resistance to heat and routine antimicrobial agents. nanobacteria are 100 times smaller than bacteria and protected by a shell of apatite, so they could be as candida...

Novel N-amino benzylthiolates were synthesized via multicomponent reaction of malononitrile, isothiocyanates and benzyl halides under conventional and solvent-free conditions. Various electron-donating and -withdrawing substitutes within both isothiocyanates and benzyl halides were used to demonstrate the efficiency of new methodology. A broad spectrum of antibacterial and antifungal activities...

Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) is a powerful method for analyzing elemental, chemical, dielectric, and other information. The technique can be extended to produce quantitative images useful for interpreting the spatial distribution of this information. This paper describes an implementation of a new method of quantitative mapping...

Although both electron-ion and electron-electron bremsstrahlung contribute to the hard Xray emission from solar flares, the latter is normally ignored. Such an omission is not justified at electron (and photon) energies above ∼ 300 keV, and inclusion of the additional electron-electron bremsstrahlung in general makes the electron spectrum required to produce a given hard X-ray spectrum steeper ...