In this paper, generalizations of the Stokes parameters and alternative characterizations of three-dimensional (3D) time-varying electromagnetic fields is introduced. One of these characteristics is the normal of the polarization plane, which, in many cases of interest, is parallel (or antiparallel) to the direction of propagation. Others are the two spectral density Stokes parameters which des...

A new approach to polarization algebra is introduced. It exploits the geometric properties of spinors in order to represent wave states consistently in arbitrary directions in three dimensional space. In this first expository paper of an intended series the basic derivation of the spinorial wave state is seen to be geometrically related to the electromagnetic field tensor in the spatio-temporal...

Polarization control of electromagnetic wave is very important in many fields. Here, we propose an active meta-mirror to dynamically manipulate electromagnetic polarization state at a broad band. This meta-mirror is composed of a double-layered metallic pattern backed by a metallic flat plate, and the active elements of PIN diodes are integrated into the meta-atom to control the reflection phas...

We present a novel reflective quarter-wave plate comprised of subwavelength meanderline elements. The device is operational over the long-wave infrared (LWIR) spectrum, with significant spectral and angular bandwidths. Power reflection is approximately 70% over the majority of the LWIR. Efficient conversion from a 45° linear polarization state into circular polarization is demonstrated from fin...

The propagation environment of electromagnetic waves in mine tunnels is confined areas. The mine tunnel is regard as wave-guide which contains kinds of un-beneficial medium, the field formulas of different polarization waves were presented based on Marcatili method, and field prediction of horizontal and vertical polarization waves were simulated. The results showed that propagation effect of v...

A novel self-initiating multiple signal classification (MUSIC)-based direction-finding (DF) and polarization-estimation algorithm in spatio-polarizational beamspace is herein presented for an arbitrarily spaced array of identically oriented electromagnetic vector sensors. An electromagnetic vector sensor, already commercially available, is composed of six colocated, but diversely polarized, ant...

lenses are often used to converge electromagnetic wave namely they convert incident phase front of feed antenna to a flat phase front. together, the lens and the feed create an electrically large aperture antenna. flat lenses provide the cost and weight benefits of the reflect-arrays, while maintaining the advantages of a lens antenna. these lenses use an array of unit-cells which are excited b...

The exact solutions of the equation for a composite scalar particle which possesses electric and magnetic polarizabilities are found in an external uniform static magnetic field parallel to the direction of propagation of the quantized electromagnetic wave. As a particular case, the relativistic coherent states of a particle in the field of photons were considered. When the average photon numbe...