objective: despite the discovery of new antipsychotic drugs in recent years, a number of schizophrenic patients show no response to such drugs and are considered treatment-resistant. in such cases, clozapine and occasionally ect or a combination of drugs are used, though they are not very effective. in recent years, the combination of clozapine and ect for treatment-resistant schizophrenic pati...

results 6 hours after ect, 126 patients (21.9%) reported headaches, and 56 patients (9%) reported myalgia. the presence of headache or myalgia 6 hours after ect was not correlated to the duration of convulsion, treatment sessions, sex, or age. but myalgia at 2 hours after treatment was correlated with sex (0.04). sex, age, duration of seizure, and treatment sessions were not predictors of heada...

Background and Objective: Depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is one of the effective methods for treatment of depression. Regarding the stimulatory effect of glutaminergic system on the progression of depression, the effect of ketamine as one of the most important inhibitors of this system has been investigated on the effectiveness of ECT. ...

catatonia is a syndrome that can be treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ect). hence, onset of catatonia during treatment of patients with ect is not expected. in this manuscript, a schizoaffective disorder patient with a positive history of traumatic brain injury and no consumption of benzodiazepines is being reported, who became catatonic during ect.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a widely used therapeutic option of drug-refractory psychiatric disorders. ECT treats symptoms by inducing brief controlled seizures through electrical stimulation, but does not generally cause prolonged or epilepsy. However, several studies have reported cases after ECT. This review aimed to determine the mechanism epileptogenesis with neurobiological changes...

Electroconvulsive therapy in a patient with bipolar disorder and history of ischemic stroke This article is case-report 35 year old female who, after careful consideration additional investigations, received treatment electroconvulsive (ECT) for treatment-resistant depression rapid cycling 1 disorder. A thorough neurological evaluation patients important as stated by the guidelines. As was clin...

Andrade, C. and Kurinji, S. (2002). Continuation and maintenance ECT: a review of recent research. Journal of ECT, 18, 149–158. Barnes, R. (2005). The use of ECT as a continuation or maintenance treatment. In A. I. F Scott. (ed.), ECT Handbook. 2nd edn. London: The Royal College of Psychiatrists. Benbow, S. M. (1991) Old age psychiatrists’ views on the use of ECT. International Journal of Geria...