the paper tries to present an improved mathematical model for distribution companies (discos) in order to solve distribution network expansion planning (dnep) problems in the presence of certain resources of distributed generations (dgs) entitled small scale gas engines in the medium voltage grids. with the aim of minimizing investment and operation costs, the recommended model combines a compr...

The effectiveness of rapid rail transit system is analyzed using tools of complex network for the first time. We evaluated the effectiveness of the system in Beijing quantitatively from different perspectives, including descriptive statistics analysis, bridging property, centrality property, ability of connecting different part of the system and ability of disease spreading. The results showed ...

it can be argued that fuel and energy sector plays a crucial part in the countries' development and improvement of people's living standards, constituting a pillar of economic development for nations. electricity is considered as an infrastructure for economic, social and cultural development in a way that the growth in electric power is evaluated as an indicator for measuring the gro...

The development of public transit systems that are accessible and safe for everyone, including people with special needs, is an objective that is justified from the civic and economic points of view. Unfortunately, public transit services are conceived for people who do not have reduced physical or cognitive abilities. In this paper, we present an intelligent public transit system by highway wi...

SUMMARY Morocco is a privileged partner of the European Union. The EU is Morocco's most important export market, its leading public and private external investor and its most important tourist market. Morocco also contributes to the EU's energy security as a strategic transit country for Algerian gas and as an exporter of electricity to Spain. Human exchanges are constantly expanding: the EU is...

Majority of the million plus cities in India are facing serious problems of traffic congestion and pollution due to the unprecedented and rapid pace of urbanization in last decade. City planners are providing solution to these twin problems by developing Mass Rapid Transit System including Metro and BRT in many Indian Metropolitan cities. The availability of transit network and pedestrian acces...

For longer distances, natural gas is transported through transit pipeline at high pressures. In a place of consumption or at passing into a lower pressure pipeline, the pressure of the gas must be reduced. In Iran, the common procedure of reducing pressure in natural gas station is using expansion valves, which causes the waste of large amount of energy. Combined heat and power (CHP) systems ha...

Introduction: Renal dynamic study is a well-established and popular test in routine practice of nuclear medicine. The test is non-invasive, rapid and unique in evaluation of the kidney function. In despite of its clinical values, the parameters derived from renogram are physiologically meaningless. That is due to the fact that renogram is not the true kidney function. From mathematical po...