introduction: the current study investigated the pulp response to electric pulp testing (ept), before, upon initiation and one month after the start of orthodontic tooth movement. methods and materials: a total of 402 anterior teeth from 39 patients (mean age of 16.8±2.7 years) were examined in this non-controlled prospective study. the aligning forces were administered using initial niti archw...

background several studies showed that dopamine and norepinephrine improve retention and retrieval of memory. methylphenidate is an enhancer of dopamine and norepinephrine in brain. objectives in the present study, the effect of methylphenidate was evaluated on retention and retrieval of memory in young and aged mice using passive avoidance apparatus. materials and methods animals were divided ...

in the present study, a model of a large lithium polymer (li-po) battery for use in the simulation of hybrid electric vehicles (hevs) is developed. to attain this goal, an equivalent circuit (ec) consisting of a series resistor and two rc parallel networks is considered. the accuracy and the response time of the model for use in an hev simulator are studied. the battery parameters identificatio...

background: the use of electric current during application of etch-and-rinse adhesive systems has been recently introduced to decrease microleakage. this study investigated the effects of an electric field produced by an experimental device for the application of a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive on moist dentin surface. methods: sixty freshly extracted human premolars were used for this study...

objectives: the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether intra-canal application of controlled direct electric current (dec) could accelerate the amount of orthodontic tooth movement (otm) in young adult mixed breed dogs. methods: fourth premolars of both jaws of five young adult mixed breed dogs were divided into two groups of control and experimental groups. orthodontic force was applied...

background: accurate diagnosis is key to success. diagnosing the pulpal status in varied clinical situations poses a challenge to the clinician. electric pulp test (ept) is one of the valuable attempts in evaluating the sensibility of pulp tissue. the aim of this study was to find out and compare the threshold levels and optimal electrode placement site for ept in fluorosed and nonfluorosed ant...