background several methods for assessment of severity of pain have been proposed but all of them are subjective. objectives this study evaluated the association concerning changes in electrical resistance (er) between two acupuncture points and severity of postoperative pain in order to define an objective measurement of pain. patients and methods in a cross-sectional study, 50 patients undergo...

Existing research on human channel modeling of galvanic coupling intra-body communication (IBC) is primarily focused on the human body itself. Although galvanic coupling IBC is less disturbed by external influences during signal transmission, there are inevitable factors in real measurement scenarios such as the parasitic impedance of electrodes, impedance matching of the transceiver, etc. whic...

Based on the propagation rules of electromagnetic waves in metal conductors, this paper analyzes the characteristics of electric field and magnetic field of internal conductors. Then the complex power of electromagnetic wave is calculated. The impedance calculation formula of metal conductor is derived. Moreover, in order to identify and detect defects of metal casing, an alternating current im...

Design and fabrication of a low cost sensor for measuring electric field over a broad range of electromagnetic (EM) frequency is presented. The electric field probe consists of an electrically short dipole antenna and diode detector connected to an instrumentation amplifier via a high impedance line. The rectified diode voltage is conveyed over the high impedance line for real time data acquisi...

Hybrid imaging techniques utilize couplings of physical modalities – they are called hybrid, because, typically, the excitation and measurement quantities belong to different modalities. Recently there has been an enormous research interest in this area because these methods promise very high resolution. In this paper we give a review on hybrid tomography methods for electrical conductivity ima...

Electrical impedance is not a scalar but a complex quantity. Thus, evaluation of the uncertainty of its value involves a model whose output is a complex. In this paper the comparison of the evaluation of the uncertainty of the measurement of the electrical impedance of a simple electric circuit using the GUM and using a Monte Carlo method according to the Supplement 2 of the GUM is presented.

We propose a model to determine the influence of different cell properties, such as size, membrane capacitance and cytoplasm conductivity, on the impedance spectrum as measured in a microfabricated cytometer. A dielectric sphere of equivalent complex permittivity is used as a simplified model to describe a biological cell. The measurement takes place between a pair of facing microelectrodes in ...

objective(s)bioelectrical impedance is the measure of impedance of the body. impedance consists of electric resistance and reactance. phase angle (pa) is the tan value of the ratio of reactance versus electric resistance. pa depends on cell membrane integrity and on body cell mass. there exists a correlation between pa values and body cell mass.the objective of this study was to compare the pa ...

Electrical impedance tomogram of the mammary gland (EIM). Seven planes of scanning. In the sixth and the seventh scans, a retromammary tissue is visualized. It can be used to distinguish tissues and identify pathologies. Lorentz force electrical impedance tomography is an ultrasoundbased medical imaging technique. In this study, a new platform based on electric cell-substrate impedance sensing ...