abstract the purpose of this study is to examine the economic impacts of developing and introducing almond late flowering cultivars during 1968 to 2019 years in iran, which developed in sahand horticultural research station using the economic surplus model and field and time series data. the estimation of shift parameter identifies that almond late flowering cultivars make almond supply curve m...

this paper examines the economic effects of investment in developing and introducing almond late flowering cultivars (alfc) in a period of 52 years from 1968 to 2020, developed in sahand horticultural research station (shrs), using the economic surplus model and field survey data. alfc make almond supply curve move less to the left when there is a chilling case, thus affect the economic surplus...

late spring chilling in spring is largely the cause for limiting almond production, so finding ways to reduce the loss is a priority in horticultural research. the government in iran established sahand horticultural research station in 1968 to invest in some late flowering almond cultivars, and this resulted in seven new cultivars in 1994, which can survive the late chillings that might occur i...

This paper examines the economic effects of investment in developing and introducing Almond Late Flowering Cultivars (ALFC) in a period of 52 years from 1968 to 2020, developed in Sahand Horticultural Research Station (SHRS), using the economic surplus model and field survey data. ALFC make almond supply curve move less to the left when there is a chilling case, thus affect the economic surplus...

The World Wide Web makes it easy for users to access various services online, such as online shopping in e-commerce, online financing in P2P lending networks, and even working online on freelancing platforms. A fundamentally important function of web applications is Online Service Allocation (OSA), which means matching service consumers with ‘appropriate’ goods (i.e., products/loans/jobs) from ...

INTRODUCTION In economic theory economic surplus refers to two related quantities: Consumer and producer surplus. Applying this theory to health care "convenience" could be one way how consumer benefits might manifest itself. METHODS Various areas of economic surplus were identified and subsequently screened and analyzed in Germany, Spain, The Netherlands, and the UK: Cesarean births, emergen...

This paper presents a simple mathematical model that shows how economic inequality between social groups can arise and be maintained even when the only adaptive learning process driving cultural evolution increases individuals’ economic gains. The key assumptions are that human populations are structured into groups and that cultural learning is more likely to occur within than between groups. ...

An examination of the economic impacts of the diagnosis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae on grower/finisher swine operations indicated that reduced pork production, associated with the diagnosis of A. pleuropneumoniae on the operation, diminished consumer surplus by $53+/-52 million, and resulted in a total loss of $32+/-30 million to the US economy in 1995. Most of the economic surplus lost ...