economic cooperation organization (eco) is one of the institutions that have been established to help identify and resolve the problems faced by the region. in order to celebrate the eco day, a meeting was held at the center for graduate international studies, faculty of law and political science, university of tehran as attended by yahya maroufi, eco secretary-general, mr. taherian, eco under-...

Pyrosequencing analysis of 16S rRNA genes was used to examine impacts of elevated CO(2) (eCO(2)) on soil microbial communities from 12 replicates each from ambient CO(2) (aCO(2)) and eCO(2) settings. The results suggest that the soil microbial community composition and structure significantly altered under conditions of eCO(2), which was closely associated with soil and plant properties.

Although there is increasing use of eco-labeling, conditions under which eco-labels can command price premiums are not fully understood. In this article, we demonstrate that the certification of environmental practices by a third party should be analyzed as a strategy distinct from—although related to—the disclosure of the eco-certification through a label posted on the product. By assessing ec...

Acknowledging and understanding the role that information may play in affecting consumer assessment of eco-marketed products is a key step in improving the effectiveness of eco-labeling initiatives. Consumers who hold preferences for environmentally preferred products may be unable to express their preferences for such goods under current eco-information campaigns. The emerging use of eco-label...

Eco-labeling signals that a product has been eco-certified. While there is increasing use of eco-labeling practices, there is still little understanding of the conditions under which eco-labels can command price premiums. In this paper, we argue that the certification of environmental practices by a third party should be analyzed as a strategy distinct from although related to the advertisement...

Warmer climates induced by elevated atmospheric CO(2) (eCO(2)) are expected to increase damaging bark beetle activity in pine forests, yet the effect of eCO(2) on resin production--the tree's primary defense against beetle attack--remains largely unknown. Following growth-differentiation balance theory, if extra carbohydrates produced under eCO(2) are not consumed by respiration or growth, resi...

The Evidence Ontology (ECO) is a structured, controlled vocabulary for capturing evidence in biological research. ECO includes diverse terms for categorizing evidence that supports annotation assertions including experimental types, computational methods, author statements and curator inferences. Using ECO, annotation assertions can be distinguished according to the evidence they are based on s...

eco village design is a new field of knowledge still under development. it will be the physical manifestation of the unfolding of the ecovillage dream held by so many. it is generally agreed that concept of sustainability should play an increasing role in future urban development world-wide. in order to ensure ecological sustainability, cities around the world have to decrease their environment...

The value of water resources and bodies has been acknowledged in terms of environmental, ecological, and landscape vision and sight because water itself is closely interrelated to the existence and expansion of humanity. The eco-design and eco-innovation of rural-housing in reservoir environment with sustainable tourism and mass-tourism development are under rising pressure of prohibited housin...