so far, the financial experts could not calculate independent earnings to have a necessary quality. in this case, they can reach a range of earnings, which show a more correct form of quality of earnings, of course with performing the suitable equitabilities. therefore, the concept of quality of earnings is not a fixed defining. however, it is a relative concept that depends to its relation to ...

the aim of this study is to determine the effect of the income smoothing on the future earnings response coefficient taking into account the effect of the information environment. future earnings response coefficient is used as a measure for evaluation of stock price information content which represents the relationship between current stock returns and future earnings. information environment ...

some of inherent limitations of accrual accounting make the actual earnings and accounting earnings different. so assessment of reported earnings quality has allocated extensive bulk of accounting studies to itself. the decrease information quality such as earnings quality increases information risk and also the investor’s risk. it’ll increase their expected return. since cost of equity is the ...

Theory suggests that managers issue earnings forecasts to reduce information asymmetry. An earnings forecast is more effective in reducing information asymmetry if it contains earnings news that is relatively more informative about the firm’s value. We hypothesize that a manager is more likely to issue an earnings forecast if investors perceive that earnings are more informative. We measure ear...