The E2A gene encodes two alternatively spliced products, E12 and E47. The two proteins differ in their basic helix-loop-helix motifs (bHLH), responsible for DNA binding and dimerization. Although both E12 and E47 can bind to DNA as heterodimers with tissue-specific bHLH proteins, E12 binds to DNA poorly as homodimers. An inhibitory domain in E12 has previously been found to prevent E12 homodime...

Phenotypic transformation of mesangial cells (MCs) is implicated in the development of glomerular disease; however, the mechanisms underlying their altered genetic program is still unclear. α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) is known to be a crucial marker for phenotypic transformation of MCs. Recently, E-boxes and the class I basic helix-loop-helix proteins, such as E12 have been shown to regulateα...

The legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae; syn. M. testulalis), is a serious pantropical insect pest of grain legumes. Comparative studies of M. vitrata female sex pheromone components in two different geographic populations in China, Wuhan and Huazhou, confirmed that (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal (E10,E12-16:Ald) and (E)-10-hexadecenal (E10-16:Ald) were present in variable rati...

The E2A gene products, E12 and E47, are critical regulators of B cell development. However, it remains elusive whether E12 and E47 have overlapping and/or distinct functions during B lymphopoiesis. We have generated mice deficient for either E12 or E47 and examined their roles in B cell maturation. We show that E47 is essential for developmental progression at the prepro-B cell stage, whereas E...

The HT29MTXE12 (E12) cell line harbors an adherent mucus layer, providing a novel technique to model mucosal infection in vitro. In this study, we have characterized the interaction of Campylobacter jejuni with the E12 cell line and exploited its unique mucus layer to examine the potential efficacy of probiotic treatment to attenuate C. jejuni virulence properties. C. jejuni 81-176 colonized an...

The members of the MyoD family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are critical regulators of skeletal muscle differentiation that function as heterodimers with ubiquitously expressed E-protein bHLH transcription factors. These heterodimers must compete successfully with homodimers of E12 and other E-proteins to enable myogenesis. Here, we show that E12 mutants resistant to C...

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 e0 e9 e11 e12 e10 e7 e15 2 e4 e2 e5 e6 L L L e13 3 e1 e3 e8 L L L L e16 4 L L L L L L e17 5 e0 e11 e12 e10 e9 L e15 6 e4 e2 e6 L19 e7 e5 L20 e13 7 e1 e3 L24 e8 L23 L22 e16 8 L25 L26 L30 L27 L28 L29 e17 9 e0 e12 e10 L31 e11 e9 e15 10 e4 e2 L19 L20 e6 e7 e13 11 e1 e3 L22 L23 L24 e8 e16 12 L L25 L26 L29 L30 L27 L28 e17 13 e0 e10 L21 e12 e9 e11 e15 14 e4 e2 e7 e6 L20 L19 e13 15 e1...