designation of a religious centrality and the education of a straight ummah is the aim of almost even all of the religions. this can be witnessed more clearly in islam. allah, the source of truth and justice, has designed a centrality to be umm ul-qura or base of the communities. it is a notion that cannot be found completely in the notion of the term, metropolis. allah commanded his slave abra...

Maintenance of old homes can be an extremely hazardous activity if improperly done. For example, lead poisoning can arise from exposure to lead-based paint chips as well as dust produced during prep work for repainting. In this issue, researchers led by Howard W. Mielke of Xavier University of Louisiana attempt to broaden the discussion by looking at a variety of metals existing in old paint be...

Abstract The present study aimed to develop a tool for assessing water service sustainability in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa. This is called the ‘Water Service Assessment Tool’ (WaSAT) and based on Water Sustainability Index (WSSI) which consists 21 indicators grouped into six dimensions (economic, environmental, social, technical, institutional, governance). WaSAT was developed using Mic...

By making radical changes in the long term evolutionary processes of human beings, we damage the human genetic heritage. The concept of a genetic heritage is derived from its cultural counterpart, namely a cumulative achievement or record that we are obliged to pass on from our ancestors to our descendants. It reflects a commitment to natural evolution (or divinely created nature) which should ...