background: taking visual acuity is an important part of an eye routine examination. this study was conducted to compare visual acuity measured using an iranian digital tumbling e chart with visual acuity measured using an italian digital tumbling e chart as a familiar foreign chart. materials and methods: this study was carried out on 200 participants (400 eyes; healthy n=40, glaucoma n=40, re...

purpose: e is a commonly use letter for illiterates or those who could not read english to measure visual acuity. the e chart is the mainly used charts in iran. however, they do not have the standards. they are in different format, fixed for 6 meter test, with or without lighting, with unequal number of letters in each line and different contrasts. as a result, there is an essential need for a ...

to facilitate a comprehensive whole population visual acuity screening, a 1-meter vision screener “e” chart was prepared to be used in the person-by-person household visual acuity examination by non-expert health workers. the chart is designed to be used in measuring visual acuity from a distance of one meter. the scaling is in terms of-log mar (logarithm of minimum angle of resolution) with a ...

PURPOSE To compare the visual responses of post refractive surgery's patients using Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Chart (ETDRS) and E-chart with and without color filters. METHODS The uncorrected Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution Visual Acuity (LogMAR VA) of 70 patients with a mean age of 26.2 ± 3.76 years (from 19 to 34 years) who had undergone Photorefractive Keratec...

as one of the potential ict application areas within organizations, e-learning has come within the sights of organizations for its plethora of possibilities. the most significant feature is that by using leading edge ict, e-learning helps organizations to chart the changes and create a kind of continued educatin within the corporate environment. the present study studies the challanges facing o...

This article reviews the growing body of research on electronic commerce from the perspective of economic analysis. It begins by constructing a new framework for understanding electronic commerce research, then identifies the range of applicable theory and current research in the context of the new conceptual model. It goes on to assess the state-of-the-art of knowledge about electronic commerc...

The most well-known uni-arribute control chart used to monitor the number of nonconformities per unit is the Shewhart type C-chart. In this paper, a new method is proposed in an attempt to reduce the false alarm rate in the C-chart. To do this, the decision on beliefs (DOB) concept is first uti [1] Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]   lized to design an iterative method, where...

This paper describes a method to enhance the performance of a unification-style bottom-up chart parser by means of top-down filtering techniques. The filter developed consists of a syntactic module which prevents the construction of redundant edges in the chart by ensuring that a proposed edge in the chart can really be syntactically combined with neighboring edges later, and a semantic module ...

multivariate control charts such as hotelling`s t^ 2 and x^ 2 are commonly used for monitoring several related quality characteristics. these control charts use correlation structure that exists between quality characteristics in an attempt to improve monitoring. the purpose of this article is to discuss some issues related to the g chart proposed by levinson et al. [9] for detecting shifts in ...