after parkinsonism, dystonia is the movement disorder most commonly encountered in movement disorder clinics. it is defined as a syndrome of sustained muscle contractions, frequently causing twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures. dystonia is classified in three ways: age at onset, body distribution of abnormal movements, and etiology. the etiologic classification identifies fou...

dystonia is a movement disorder that causes sustained muscle contractions, repetitive twisting movements, and abnormal postures of the trunk, neck, face, or arms and legs. inherited dystonias can be classified as primary dystonia, dystonia-plus, heredo-degenerative dystonia, and paroxysmal dyskinesias with dystonia. the primary dystonias are those with no other neurologic abnormalities. primary...

Introduction:Dystonia is a disorder of movement caused by various etiologies. Laryngeal dystonia is caused by the spasm of laryngeal muscles. It is a disorder caused by vocal fold movement in which excessive adduction or abduction of the vocal folds occurs during speech. The pathophysiology of this type of dystonia is not fully known. Some researchers have suggested that basal ganglia structure...

oromandibular dystonia (omd) is a rare focal neurological disorder that affects mouth, face, and jaws. this comprehensive literature review aimed to summarize the current evidence for etiology, diagnosis, and management of omd and assess the possibility of dental origin of the disease and dental treatment plans for these patients. different online databases namely pubmed, google scholar, and sc...

  Little is known about the results of pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) in DYT6 dystonia. This will be the first report of DYT6 dystonia treated with pallidal DBS from Iran. A 21 years old male patient with DYT6 dystonia underwent bilateral deep brain stimulation. The target of DBS was the sensorimotor region of the posteroventralglobuspallidusinternus (GPi). DBS parameters included an amp...

We aimed to study the attitude of Italian neurologists in use conventional MRI patients with idiopathic adult-onset focal dystonia. Patients were included Dystonia Registry by experts working different centers. was available for 1045 1471 (71%) analysis. Using logistic regression analysis, we found that more likely be performed cervical dystonia, spasmodic dysphonia, or non-task-specific upper ...

introduction:dystonia is a disorder of movement caused by various etiologies. laryngeal dystonia is caused by the spasm of laryngeal muscles. it is a disorder caused by vocal fold movement in which excessive adduction or abduction of the vocal folds occurs during speech. the pathophysiology of this type of dystonia is not fully known. some researchers have suggested that basal ganglia structure...

Late-onset dystonia occurs after long-term antipsychotic treatment or discontinuation of treatment. Being young, male gender, mental retardation, and mood disorder are risk factors. By considering the dystonic complaints psychotic symptoms patient who had a diagnosis schizoaffective risperidone 8 mg/day tablet use for 3 months, it was planned to continue with clozapine. When did not improve, bo...

little is known about the results of pallidal deep brain stimulation (dbs) in dyt6 dystonia. this will be the first report of dyt6 dystonia treated with pallidal dbs from iran. a 21 years old male patient with dyt6 dystonia underwent bilateral deep brain stimulation. the target of dbs was the sensorimotor region of the posteroventralglobuspallidusinternus (gpi). dbs parameters included an ampli...