This article examines the volume of Eurasian trade in coffee exported to Europe, especially Yemeni and commercial developments that occurred this commodity during seventeenth eighteenth centuries. research indicates entry such a strategic as into trade, competition between European companies, brought about profound change nature economic relations two continents. was accompanied by an important...

investment is credited with promoting further improvement until the late 1930s. Thereafter, the economy lagged, but mortality continued to decline; a circumstance that argues for the success of modern medicine in fighting disease. The data on mortality since Castro's coming to power is also revealing. Between 1959 and 1980, average life expectancy increased eight to nine years, to the point tha...

This chapter sketches the key features of the emergence of social policy in Ireland. This spans early state and charitable activity in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, through to the more extensive social policy measures and provisions which emerged during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, before Ireland gained independence in 1921. The chapter documents the themes of care ...

Jewish Territorial Self-Government in the Crown Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Introduction edition Adam Kaźmierczyk, Przemysław Zarubin. Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, 2019, 679 Pages The note presents structure of volume, including method summarizing documents form a short abstract more extensive register –in English Polish. Attention was also paid to research value sources concerning ...

Vascular injections of colored mixtures were probably not performed before the seventeenth century. They are intended to allow a more detailed description of arteries, veins and lymph vessels, but also to produce specimens to be exhibited in anatomical and natural sciences museums, usually after corrosion. This paper gives a summary of the development of vascular injection procedures and mixtur...