The centenary of the establishment Department Classics at University Kraków coincides with that beginnings study ‘Pompeii Syrian Desert.’In spring 1920, British Indian soldiers digging in ruins known as Salihiyeh overlooking Euphrates accidentally revealed ancient paintings. Recorded by archaeologist James Henry Breasted, these discoveries would soon lead to further excavations Franz Cumont (19...

Cet ouvrage se veut a la fois une reactualisation du livre que l’A. avait publie en 1989 dans premiere livraison de serie des Res Orientales (La geographie administrative l’empire sassanide. Les temoignages sigillographiques) et analyse croisee donnees sigillographie avec d’autres sources epigraphiques (inscriptions rupestres monumentales, monnaies, inscriptions sur argenterie, graffiti dipinti...

Background: Chemical warfare agents (CWA) were most notably used during the First World War in Europe, against Iranians and Kurdish citizens of Iraq at the hands of Saddam Hossein’s regime in 1980s and more recently in Syria. The use of CWA is banned under the international law. Methods: Ancient uses of CWA are not well studied. Recently, their use during the Persian siege of the Roman-held Dur...

Abstract The method of facet-cutting was invented in the 1 st century AD. glass cutters began to create zoned facet-cut decoration arrange facets horizontal zones divided by linear grooves mostly Isings 96 bowl second half 2 nd and first 3 rd A look at distribution major concentrations sites reveals that they had been manufactured four main regions: Rhine region (perhaps Cologne), Pannonia, Syr...