purpose: to report a case who had optic disc duplication, a rare congenital disorder characterized by two well-defined discs in one eye. case report: a 19 months-old child presented with unilateral epiphora in the right eye since birthday. the right eye was smaller than the left eye and mild ptosis was apparent. nasolacrimal duct probing was performed under general anesthesia. the examination r...

gastrointestinal duplications are rare congenital malformations and they may vary greatly in presentation, size, location and symptoms. the presence of ectopic gastric mucosa (egm) in them is not common and they are difficult to diagnose prior to surgery. we present the case of a child with long intestinal duplication with ectopic gastric mucosa who presented with just severe anaemia and delaye...

In this paper, we define duplication corona, duplication neighborhood corona and duplication edge corona of two graphs. We compute their adjacency spectrum, Laplacian spectrum and signless Laplacian. As an application, our results enable us to construct infinitely many pairs of cospectral graphs and also integral graphs.

     Urethralduplication is a rare condition occurs as a congenital malformation either independently or in the setting of other congenital malformations such as caudal duplication syndrome. Its prevalence becomes even rarer if it manifests as two side-by-side tracts in coronal plan.Nonetheless, we introduce a unique presentation of complete coronal urethral duplication accompanied by astoundin...

duplication anomalies are quite common with ureteral duplication anomalies being the most frequent. despite the relatively frequent incidence of a horseshoe kidney and duplication anomalies in any individual patient, the combination of horseshoe kidney and bilateral ureteric duplication is a very rare entity and very few cases have been reported to date. we present a case of a patient with nove...

abstract a 2.5 year old girl is presented with both hands constriction bands leading to distal amputations and the rare deformity of shoulder duplication in the right side accompanying constriction skin marking over the affected shoulder. the cephalomedial scapula articulated with the clavicle and the caudolateral scapula articulated with humeral head. the most important physical finding which ...

Duplication anomalies are quite common with ureteral duplication anomalies being the most frequent. Despite the relatively frequent incidence of a horseshoe kidney and duplication anomalies in any individual patient, the combination of horseshoe kidney and bilateral ureteric duplication is a very rare entity and very few cases have been reported to date. We present a case of a patient with nove...

duplications of gastrointestinal tract are congenital anomalies found in about 0.2% of all children. these include the rare gastric duplication. we present such a cyst in a 14 years old girl with gastric outlet obstruction. she was found to have a noncommunicating antral duplication cyst .the cyst was managed by cystectomy and marsupialization. microscopically the duplication cyst contained a m...

Background: Complete colonic duplication is a very rare congenital anomaly that may have different presentations according to its location and size. Complete colonic duplication can occur in 15% of gastrointestinal duplication. We report two cases of complete colonic duplications, and their characteristics. Case Presentation: We present two patients with complete colonic duplication with differ...