We prove that the theory of EXPTIME degrees with respect to polynomial time Turing and many-one re-ducibility is undecidable. To do so we use a coding method based on ideal lattices of Boolean algebras which was introduced in 7]. The method can be applied in fact to all hyper-polynomial time classes.

statement of problem: digital subtraction radiography (dsr) needs reproducible alignment between the x-ray source, the object, and the film for obtaining identical projections of the same anatomic region. purpose: the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bite registrations (placed on individual bite blocks) on the reproducibility of parallel periapical radiographs, obtained every 2 m...

The propositional monotonic modal logics K45, K45D, S4:2, S4R and S4F elegantly capture the semantics of many current nonmonotonic formalisms as long as (strong) de-ducibility of A from a theory ?; ? ` A; allows the use of necessitation on the members of ?: This is usually forbidden in modal logic where ? is required to be empty, resulting in a weaker notion of deducibility. Recently, Marek, Sc...

The propositional monotonic modal logics K45, K45D, S4:2, S4R and S4F elegantly capture the semantics of many current nonmonotonic formalisms as long as (strong) de-ducibility of A from a theory ?; ? ` A; allows the use of necessitation on the members of ?: This is usually forbidden in modal logic where ? is required to be empty, resulting in a weaker notion of deducibility. Recently, Marek, Sc...

Background Development of bioprocesses for mammalian cells has to deal with different bioreactor types and scales. Bio-reactors might be intended for seed train and production, research, process development, validation or transfer purposes. During these activities, not only the problem of upand downscaling might lead to failure of repro-ducibility, but also the use of different bioreactor geome...

Natural Products, Physiologically Active Saponins, Sequencing of Underivatized Oligoglycosides, Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry The use of field desorption mass spectrometry is demonstrated not only for molecular weight determination but also for detailed structural analysis of large, underivatized natural products. Owing to cationization by small alkali salt impurities, saponins carrying on...

A language is autoreducible if it can be reduced to itself by a Turing machine that does not ask its own input to the oracle. We use autoreducibility to separate exponential space from doubly exponential space by showing that all Turing-complete sets for exponential space are autoreducible but there exists some Turing-complete set for doubly exponential space that is not. We immediately also ge...

We prove that there exists a noncappable enumeration degree strictly below 0 0 e. Two notions of relative computability, Turing and enumeration re-ducibility, are basic to any natural ne-structure theory for the classes of computable and incomputable objects. Of the theories for the corresponding degree structures (D D D and D D D e), that for the Turing degrees is the better developed, mainly ...

In a landmark 2005 paper published in PLoS Medicine, Ioannidis posited that " most current published research findings are false " (Ioannidis 2005). Consistent with this opinion are reports that drug develop ment has been hin­ dered and many clinical trials wasted based on published findings from pre­ clinical studies that with further effort could not be reproduced (Begley and Ellis 2012). The...

Y-Flash memristors utilize the mature technology of single polysilicon floating gate non-volatile memories (NVM). It can be operated in a two-terminal configuration similar to other emerging memristive devices, i.e., resistive random-access memory (RRAM), phase-change (PCM), etc. Fabricated production complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, allow excellent repro-ducibility re...