A model rumen system, dual-flow continuous culture fermenters, was evaluated by two comparative criteria in two experiments using ribosomal (r)RNA-targeted DNA probes to compare key microbial groups in samples. The initial experiment measured temporal changes in population structure during adaptation of ruminal microbial populations in fermenters over 240 h. The fermenter inoculum contained 34....

In this experiment eight 1,600 mL dual-flow continuous culture fermenters were used to measure the fermentation pattern of cultivable and pasture forages in camel. Two adult camels were used as rumen inocula donors. Fermenters were fed with 120 g of DM/d in 3 equal portions at 08:00, 16:00, and 24:00 h. The trial contained two treatments of four replicate each in a completely randomized design....

Flaxseed (FS) and chia seed (CS) are oilseeds rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which may change meat and milk composition when added to ruminants' diets and may have health benefits for humans. Literature on the effects of CS supplementation on ruminal metabolism is nonexistent. A dual-flow continuous culture fermenter system consisting of 6 fermenters was used to assess the effect of FS and CS sup...

Microbial mass can be said to occur in one of two states; as 'flocs' frcely suspended in an aqueous medium, or as a 'film' adhering to a support surface. Industrial fermenter configurations, at least since the development of deep-tank fermentation, have almost invariably been based on the use of microbial flocs, and the occurrence of a visible microbial film during fermentation is generally avo...

Eight dual-flow continuous-culture fermenters were used in four replicated periods to compare the effects of diet and microbial marker on estimates of N metabolism in continuous culture of ruminal microorganisms. A basal diet was supplemented with urea and tryptone, soybean meal (SBM), lignosulfonate-treated SBM, corn gluten meal, blood meal (BM), hydrolyzed feather meal, fish meal (FM), or mea...

Two types of airlift fermenters, conventional (UT-ALF) and modified (CDT-ALF) were investigated to evaluate their performance with respect to baker’s yeast growth. The riser tube of conventional external loop airlift fermenter is replaced by a converging-diverging tube. The new reactor is called modified airlift reactor. The results were compared for the two types of airlift fermenter (UT-ALF a...

Comparative evaluation of bioenergy production from food waste was carried out with both a temperature-phased and a conventional mesophilic two-phased process at different organic loading rates (OLRs). No methane was detected in the temperature-phased thermophilic-acidogenic fermenter at all the OLRs tested. However, a significant amount of methane content was detected in the conventional two-p...

in all biological systems growth is defined as increase of chemical compounds. bacteria can achieve to balanced growth if they are growing in a medium, which are completely adapted to it. clostridium chauvoei, (clostridium feseri) is an anaerobic, spore forming, motile, and polymorph bacteria, which its size varies from 0.5-1 to 3-8 micron and could be observed as individual bacterium, diplo, a...

A system capable of handling a large volumetric gas fraction while providing a high gas to liquid mass transfer is a necessity if the metanotrophic bacterium Methylococcus capsulatus is to be used in single cell protein (SCP) production. In this study, mixing time and mass transfer coefficients were determined in a 0.15 m3 forced flow U-loop fermenter of a novel construction. The effect on the ...